大气科学2025，Vol.49Issue(5)：1243-1257,15.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2410.24052
福建山地地区的云垂直结构和时间变化特征研究
Vertical Structures of Clouds and Their Temporal Variations over the Mountainous Area of Fujian,China
摘要
Abstract
Observing and studying clouds is important for the development of numerical models,conducting climate change estimations,and studying weather modification.Observations obtained from a ground-based Ka-band millimeter-wave cloud radar deployed in Jian'ou,northern Fujian,China,between 2019 and 2022 were studied to advance our understanding of the structural characteristics of clouds and their temporal variations in the mountainous areas along the southeast coast of China.The characteristics,seasonal patterns,and diurnal variations of cloud occurrences,along with their vertical structures and parameters,were studied in this area.In addition,the causes underlying these observed characteristics and variations were determined based on atmospheric water vapor and thermodynamic conditions.The findings indicated the following:(1)cloud occurrence exhibited seasonal variations,with the highest occurrence observed in spring,followed by summer and winter,and the lowest during autumn.Low and high clouds dominated during spring and summer,whereas low and mid-level clouds predominated during autumn and winter.(2)radar reflectivity factors of high clouds were generally larger than those of low clouds during spring and summer.In summer,ice-phase and liquid-phase cloud layers exhibited the largest radar reflectivity factors,followed by spring and autumn;the smallest reflectivity factors were observed during winter.Cloud base height and top height were highest during summer,followed by spring and autumn,respectively,while they were lowest during winter.The thickest cloud layer and largest cloud gap distance also occurred during summer,followed by spring and autumn,respectively,whereas the thinnest cloud layer and smallest cloud gap distance were observed during winter.(3)Diurnal variations in cloud vertical structures and parameters were significant in different seasons,and their differences were also apparent.Compared with spring,summer exhibited earlier and stronger convection activities and a longer lifespan,resulting in larger and longer-lasting variations in cloud parameters during the afternoon.Diurnal variations in cloud occurrence,intensity,and other cloud parameters were less pronounced during autumn and winter compared with spring and summer.However,the diurnal variation trend of clouds in autumn was similar to that in summer,while the diurnal variation trend of clouds in winter was similar to that in spring.(4)Average specific humidity,horizontal wind field,and convective available potential energy showed significant positive correlations with the seasonal and diurnal variations in cloud radar-observed cloud-related changes in the local area.These correspondence relationships can provide reference for improving parameterization schemes of numerical models and guiding weather modification.关键词
云垂直结构/时间变化和特征/毫米波云雷达/福建山地地区Key words
Cloud vertical structure/Temporal variation and characteristic/Millimeter-wave cloud radar/Mountainous area of northern Fujian分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
郑佳锋,彭霆威,刘艺华,张浩然,曾正茂..福建山地地区的云垂直结构和时间变化特征研究[J].大气科学,2025,49(5):1243-1257,15.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目2023YFC3007501,福建省自然科学基金项目2023J011337,成都信息工程大学科技创新能力提升计划项目KYQN202307 National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2023YFC3007501),Natural Science Foundation of Fujian(Grant 2023J011337),and Innovation Ability Promotion Plan Project of Chengdu University of Information Science and Technology(Grant KYQN202307) （Grant 2023YFC3007501）
