大气科学2025，Vol.49Issue(5)：1341-1354,14.DOI:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2403.23117
陕西省汛期5类天气环流降水雨滴谱分布统计特征对比
Comparative on the Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Spectral Distribution in Five Types of Weather Circulation Precipitation during the Flood Season in Shaanxi Province
摘要
Abstract
The raindrop spectrum,a high-frequency observational dataset that directly describes raindrop size and quantity,has been widely used for precise evaluation and analysis of raindrop variations across different weather conditions and types.The study utilized raindrop spectrum observation data from 2019 to 2022 in Shaanxi Province.The authors analyzed the overall precipitation characteristics under the influence of five weather circulations,the drop spectra characteristics of rainstorm and non-rainstorm processes,and those of convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation.The results indicate that the contribution of precipitation with a rainfall rate＞5 mm h-1 to total process rainfall varies considerably across different circulation systems.This variation primarily stems from differences in the number concentration and contribution of raindrops within each diameter interval.For example,the southwest airflow type is often characterized by stable precipitation,formed by long-term,high-concentration small raindrops,whereas the northwest airflow type tends to produce intense precipitation,driven by short-term,high-concentration large raindrops.The differences in drop spectrum characteristics between rainstorm and non-rainstorm circulations become more pronounced,with heavy rainfall significantly enhancing raindrop spectral parameters.The variation of number concentration with diameter indicates that the proportion and spectral width of convective precipitation raindrops with a rainfall rate＞5 mm h-1 are generally higher in rainstorms than in non-rainstorms.The distribution range and magnitude of Dm-Nw between convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation are nearly similar,with differences in the location of mean and high-value areas.Compared with similar regions such as Zhaosu,Zhuhai,and Palau Island,most convective precipitation in Shaanxi exhibits oceanic convective precipitation characteristics.A few instances of continental convective precipitation occur in flat,straight airflow weather or northwest airflow weather.Based on this analysis,the study diverges from the traditional Z-R empirical relationship and optimizes the fitting of Z-R precipitation estimation equations for various circulation precipitation types using raindrop spectra.This optimization enhances the accuracy of radar precipitation estimation across different weather scenarios in Shaanxi.关键词
雨滴谱分布/环流类型/陕西降水/分类特征/Z-R关系Key words
Raindrop size distribution/Circulation type/Precipitation in Shaanxi/Classification characteristics/Z-R relationship分类
大气科学引用本文复制引用
胡启元,覃章才,戚友存,朱自伟,冯典,张黎..陕西省汛期5类天气环流降水雨滴谱分布统计特征对比[J].大气科学,2025,49(5):1341-1354,14.基金项目
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目2023-JC-QN-0341,国家重点研发计划项目2022YFC3002904、2022YFC3004101,海南省重点研发计划项目ZDYF2023SHFZ125,中国气象局复盘总结专项FPZJ2024-132、FPZJ2024-131 Shaanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program Project(Grant 2023-JC-QN-0341),National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants 2022YFC3002904,2022YFC3004101),Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(Grant ZDYF2023SHFZ125),China Meteorological Administration Weather Review Special Project(Grants FPZJ2024-132,FPZJ2024-131) （Grant 2023-JC-QN-0341）
