风景园林2025，Vol.32Issue(11)：12-20,9.DOI:10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250235
多尺度下山地乡村景观特质识别体系构建
Construction of an Identification System for Mountainous Rural Landscape Characters at Multiple Scales
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The pressure of accelerated urbanization has caused rural landscapes to face the great challenges of reconstruction,homogenization and extinction,with rural landscapes gradually losing their diversity and regional characteristics.Compared with lowland villages,mountainous villages are constrained by special topography,rich in resources but backward in construction,and have always been the key and difficult areas in China's rural revitalization work,and the identification and management of their landscape characters are particularly urgent.As a complex landscape system with multiple levels and diversity,the mountainous villages need a more comprehensive cross-scale tool to guide and manage the process of landscape change and the protection of local landscape characters.Landscape character assessment(LCA)is a mainstream method to identify landscape character,but its results often present a static,nodal and objective perception.The collective memory theory focuses on the dynamic characteristics of landscape evolution and is able to identify more subtle differences in landscape characters,compensating for the shortcomings of LCA in the temporal and human dimensions.Therefore,this research aims to 1)integrate LCA and collective memory theory to construct a theoretical and technical framework for multi-scale identification of mountainous rural landscape characters;2)integrate quantitative analysis of LCA and qualitative interpretation of collective memory to solve the problem of spatialization of narrative memories;and 3)validate the scientific validity and effectiveness of the identification system through empirical evidence in the Wuling Mountain area. [Methods]The research proposes to construct a multi-scale mountainous rural landscape character identification system.1)Theoretical framework:Integrate LCA and collective memory theory to establish a systematic framework of"definition scope-element selection-classification and description-practical application",realizing the layer-by-layer cognition and description from macroscopic to microscopic perspective.2)Technical path:Establish the operational path of"data collection-character recognition-character translation".The"extraction of memory carriers-spatial coordinate localization-generation of vector data"approach is used to realize the spatialization of collective memory.At the regional scale(Chongqing section of the Wuling Mountain area),natural elements such as elevation,and land cover are selected to identify landscape character zones.At the local scale(Qianjiang District),cultural elements such as land use,and characteristic villages are selected to identify landscape character categories.At the site scale(Taiji Township),traditional settlements,collective memory,and other cultural and culturally related elements are selected to identify landscape character units and elements.At the same time,the surviving condition of the character elements is marked. [Results]The complexity and cultural diversity of the geographic environment in the Chongqing section of the Wuling Mountain area provide an ideal background for character identification.A multi-scale mountainous rural landscape character identification system is constructed and successfully applied to different scales(Chongqing section of the Wuling Mountain area-Qianjiang District-Taiji Town),which provides a regional reference for the identification and protection of mountainous rural landscape character.The identification system identifies 10 rural landscape character zones in the Chongqing section of the Wuling Mountain area at the regional scale,8 rural landscape character categories in Qianjiang District at the local scale,and 6 rural landscape character units in Taiji Towns at the site scale.Cases such as the memory of natural beliefs(land temple)and the memory of the construction of public facilities(academy ruins)reflect the deep coupling of landscape character and the collective memory of the villagers.At the same time,marking the surviving condition of the character elements(including the disappearing elements)helps to explain the historical development of landscapes. [Conclusion]Mountainous rural landscapes have both natural and humanistic attributes,and public participation and raising awareness of the cultural value of landscapes is a key part of rural landscape planning.This research analyzes the theoretical framework,technical path and practical application of the identification of mountainous rural landscape characters at multiple scales,and draws the following main conclusions.1)The technical process of LCA can provide a spatial anchor point for collective memory,while collective memory can inject an interpretive dimension into LCA,and the two are complementary to help understand rural landscapes in a more comprehensive way.2)It realizes the deep integration of the quantitative analysis of LCA and the qualitative interpretation of collective memory,clarifies the path of memory carrier materialization,and solves the problem that narrative memory can hardly interface with LCA technology.3)The case of Wuling Mountain area proves that the identification system can effectively integrate geographic diversity,cultural characteristics and villagers' perception,and realizes precise identification of landscape character through the synergistic collaboration of top-down(systematic delineation dominated by LCA)and bottom-up(local cognition driven by collective memory)identification,and provides a tool support for the national rural landscape planning and protection.In the future,the results of character identification should be transformed into planning actions through differentiated planning decisions,dynamic protection mechanisms,participatory governance,etc.,so as to respond to the real dilemmas of rural planning.关键词
风景园林/山地乡村景观/景观特质评估/集体记忆/武陵山区Key words
landscape architecture/mountainous rural landscape/landscape character assessment(LCA)/collective memory/Wuling Mountain area分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
杜春兰,杨婷..多尺度下山地乡村景观特质识别体系构建[J].风景园林,2025,32(11):12-20,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金重点项目"宜居城乡景观生态规划理论与方法——以西南山地为例"(编号52238003) （编号52238003）
