海洋渔业2025，Vol.47Issue(5)：671-689,19.
水下机器人技术在渔业中的应用及展望
Application and prospects of underwater robotics in fisheries
摘要
Abstract
Underwater robotics,by integrating a variety of advanced technologies,enables the automated execution of subaquatic tasks,significantly improving the efficiency and safety of fishery operations.By reducing dependence on human divers,these systems provide strong technical support for the scientific management and sustainable utilization of fishery resources.To systematically review the current development status of underwater robot technology in China,this paper synthesizes and analyzes relevant literatures to outline the fundamental concepts and technical classifications of underwater robots,and further explores their specific applications in fishery resource development and aquaculture. The results indicate that the core technologies of underwater robotics primarily include navigation and positioning,underwater communication and data transmission,as well as machine vision and image enhancement.These technologies have been widely applied in various aspects of fishery production,such as water quality monitoring,aquatic organism capture,habitat maintenance,and fishery resource surveys.For instance,in water quality monitoring,underwater robots equipped with multi-parameter sensors can conduct real-time,high-resolution spatial and temporal data acquisition,enabling early warnings for harmful algal blooms or hypoxic events.In fishing operations,biomimetic robotic systems or those integrated with machine vision algorithms can enhance species selectivity,thereby reducing bycatch and supporting ecosystem-based management.Additionally,routine inspection and cleaning of aquaculture infrastructure,such as nets and cages can be efficiently performed by underwater robots,extending the lifespan of facilities and ensuring the optimal growth conditions for cultured species. Despite these promising applications,the technology still faces several challenges.Operational capabilities are often constrained by complex underwater environments,including strong currents,high pressure,and low visibility.Energy limitations also restrict mission endurance and operational range.Furthermore,reliability and safety concerns,such as the risk of system failure during critical tasks or potential entanglement in marine debris,remain significant obstacles. Looking ahead,future development should be grounded in the principles of ecological sustainability.Key priorities include advancing multi-functional,collaborative multi-robot systems capable of performing complex and coordinated tasks.At the same time,emphasis should be placed on the research and application of new materials resistant to corrosion and biofouling,as well as the development of novel energy sources,such as high-density batteries or energy harvesting systems to enhance operational autonomy and minimize environmental impact.Through such integrated advancements,underwater robotics can fully realize its potential in promoting the modernization and sustainable growth of the fisheries sector. In conclusion,underwater robotics represents a transformative tool for the future of fisheries,with the capacity to address both operational challenges and sustainability goals.Continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential to overcome existing limitations and unlock new possibilities in this rapidly evolving field.关键词
水下机器人/自动导航/水下通信/图像增强Key words
underwater robotics/automatic navigation/underwater communication/image enhancement分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
巴尧骥,唐峰华,吴祖立,戴阳,张胜茂,樊伟..水下机器人技术在渔业中的应用及展望[J].海洋渔业,2025,47(5):671-689,19.基金项目
中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2024TD04) （2024TD04）
