计算机工程与应用2025，Vol.61Issue(22)：36-54,19.DOI:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2501-0086
基于神经网络的机器翻译研究综述
Review of Neural Network-Based Machine Translation Research
摘要
Abstract
With the advancement of computer technology,machine translation has become a key tool for cross-language communication.Its development process can be divided into rule-based machine translation,statistics-based machine translation,and deep learning-based neural machine translation.Focusing on the application and innovation of large lan-guage models in the field of translation,this paper comprehensively reviews and systematically sorts out the latest devel-opments of neural machine translation(NMT).The evolution of machine translation is summarized,and the mainstream architecture development of NMT is analyzed,from the early recurrent neural network to the convolutional neural net-work,and then to the widely used Transformer model and its variants.Three key dimensions of large language model translation are deeply analyzed,and the differences between full parameter fine-tuning and efficient parameter fine-tuning in translation tasks are systematically compared.The technical challenges and solutions of multilingual large model translation technology,zero-sample and few-sample cross-language transfer are discussed in detail.The large-scale model translation methods of knowledge graph enhancement,domain professional knowledge fusion and multi-modal knowledge fusion are comprehensively reviewed.In addition,the evaluation indicators and commonly used datasets of machine translation are introduced,and the research prospects of low-resource language translation promotion,interpretable and controllable translation systems,cross-cultural adaptive translation,computing resource optimization,privacy protection and security controllability are discussed.关键词
神经机器翻译/大语言模型/参数微调/多语言机器翻译/低资源语言翻译/知识图谱增强Key words
neural machine translation/large language models/parameter fine-tuning/multilingual machine translation/low-resource language translation/knowledge graph enhancement分类
计算机与自动化引用本文复制引用
马潇,田永红,赵伟..基于神经网络的机器翻译研究综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2025,61(22):36-54,19.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(62466043). （62466043）
