农业环境科学学报2025，Vol.44Issue(10)：2629-2638,10.DOI:10.11654/jaes.2024-1099
黄淮海平原南部畜禽养殖舍氨排放特征及影响因素
Characteristics of ammonia emission from livestock and poultry farms in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and influencing factors
摘要
Abstract
In order to construct an accurate ammonia emission inventory for livestock and poultry farming and to reveal the seasonal characteristics of ammonia emissions from different types of livestock and poultry,this study selected an intensive dairy barn,a caged layer house,and a large-scale fattening pig barn in the southern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain as research subjects.Using the air extraction method,a systematic analysis was conducted on the characteristics of ammonia emission fluxes during the four seasons of spring,summer,autumn,and winter,as well as throughout the entire growth period of fattening pigs.The results showed that dairy cows had the highest NH3 emission rate,hens had the highest NH3 emission rate per unit in the fall at 78.45 mg·d-1·feather-1,and fattening pigs had the highest NH3 emission rate per unit at a pig weight of 110 kg at 684.61 mg·d-1·head-1.Unlike egg farms,which showed an increasing trend in unit emission rates following seasonal changes except in winter,dairy unit emission rates were lowest in winter at 39.39 g·d-1·head-1,followed by spring,summer,and fall,respectively.The changes in the external NH3 concentration and NH3 emission flux at the outlet of the laying hen farm varied significantly during day and night,and the overall external NH3 concentration and NH3 emission flux were the highest in the fall,ranging from 1.67 mg·m-3 to 2.58 mg·m-3 and 34.6 g·h-1 to 88.84 g·h-1,respectively.Dairy farm NH3 concentrations reached a maximum at 21:00 p.m.during the spring,summer,and fall seasons and at 3:00 a.m.during the winter,with relatively consistent trends in NH3 emission fluxes in the spring and fall,and summer and winter,with the highest overall NH3 concentrations in the fall,fluctuating between 0.37 mg·m-3 and 1.09 mg·m-3.The NH3 concentrations and NH3 emission fluxes out of the air outlets of full-life fattening pigs increased with the increase of pig weights and varied significantly during the rlay and night at pig weights of 70 kg(6.23 mg·m-3)and 110 kg(11.10 mg·m-3),whereas the daily variations of the NH3 concentrations showed a decreasing trend at pig weights of 30 kg.Changes in NH3 concentrations on the three types of farms were closely related to the frequency of manure removal:NH3 concentrations were lowest after the completion of manure removal,then gradually increased with the accumulation of feces and urine in the poultry house until they decreased again after the next manure removal.This suggests that optimizing the manure removal process is a key measure for reducing NH3 concentrations on farms.关键词
氨排放清单/氨排放通量/黄淮海平原/畜禽养殖/日变化Key words
ammonia emission inventory/ammonia emission flux/Huang-Huai-Hai Plain/livestock and poultry farming/diurnal variation分类
环境科学引用本文复制引用
王金涵,聂兆君,介晓磊,刘亥扬,刘世亮,陶志康,吴孟孟,张玉鹏,刘红恩..黄淮海平原南部畜禽养殖舍氨排放特征及影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(10):2629-2638,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900) （2021YFD1700900）
2024年河南农业大学本科教育教学改革研究与实践项目(2024XJGLX034)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700900) （2024XJGLX034）
2024 Research and Practice Project on Teaching Reform of Undergraduate Education at Henan Agricultural University(2024XJGLX034) （2024XJGLX034）
