西部人居环境学刊2025，Vol.40Issue(5)：45-50,6.DOI:10.13791/j.cnki.hsfwest.20250919004
AHP模型在三峡库区越冬水禽栖息地评价中的应用与共识
Application and consensus of AHP model in habitat suitability assessment for wintering waterfowl in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
摘要
Abstract
Waterfowl,being highly sensitive to the conditions of wetland ecosystems,serve as crucial bio-indicators for monitoring environmental changes,particularly those affecting hydrological regimes and habitat quality in inland wetlands such as rivers,lakes,and reservoirs.The assessment of habitat suitability forms the fundamental basis for effective biodiversity conservation strategies.This study focuses on exploring the potential of expert knowledge-driven methodologies,specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP),for evaluating habitat suitability for wintering waterfowl in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China,a region that has undergone profound ecological transformations due to the construction and operation of the Three Gorges Dam.This study investigated the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamic changes in suitable wintering habitats for waterfowl from 1995(before the dam's impoundment)to 2020(during its full operation).The evaluation on the habitat suitability was structured around five key criteria integral to waterfowl survival and resource use during winter,i.e.,food availability,shelter,hydrological conditions,climate,and human disturbance.Wintering waterfowl prefer grasslands and water areas with low elevation and gentle slopes for foraging.Therefore,land use factors,elevation,and slope serve as contributing factors in the food availability layer.Proximity to forests was used as a proxy of shelter as waterfowl are less disturbed when they are closer to the forest edge,especially for some dominant duck species in the study area.Hydrological condition was measured by closest distance to water areas during the wintering period.Larger water areas after the impoundment could provide more abundant water sources for waterfowl,corresponding to higher habitat suitability when waterfowl are closer to these water sources.Climate factors,particularly average air temperature during the overwintering period,influence energy expenditure and survival rates.In terms of human disturbance,distance to residential areas and distance to roads are selected as two contributing factors.Urban construction,residential areas,and increased road density compress waterfowl living space.The more intense human activities such as fishing,aquaculture,reclamation,and road construction,the greater the disturbance to waterfowl habitats.The AHP method allowed for the systematic integration of expert judgment to weigh the relative importance of these factors.Our results reveal that suitable habitats for wintering waterfowl in the vast Three Gorges Reservoir Area are remarkably limited and fragmented,only account for a mere 1.6％to 2.4％of this region.These habitats were predominantly confined to the main stem of the Yangtze River and its immediate surrounding tributaries and associated lakes.The study observed a pronounced decline in habitat suitability from 1995 to 2000,which coincided with the intense construction phase and initial impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam.However,the habitat suitability trend reversed from 2000 onwards,showing a steady recovery and growth,concurrent with the reservoir entering its operational phase.By 2020,the total area of suitable habitats for wintering waterfowl reached 1 392 km²,yet it was still lower than the initial area 3 190 km² in 1995.This subsequent improvement was possibly linked to progressive land cover changes and ecological succession.The findings provided an independent validation of the main conclusions drawn from a previous study in the same area that utilized a data-driven model.The convergence of results from two methodologically distinct approaches enhances the reliability of the assessment.In conclusion,this research demonstrates the valuable application of the AHP method as an important tool for habitat suitability assessment,especially in contexts where comprehensive time-series ecological data may be scarce.The study provides a clear,quantified picture of the profound impact that the Three Gorges Dam has had on wintering waterfowl habitats,characterized by extreme habitat limitation and a dynamic trajectory of initial loss and partial recovery.These findings provide insights for adaptive management strategies aimed at mitigating the dam's ecological impacts.Conservation efforts can be targeted towards protecting the crucial 1％-2％of suitable habitat,managing water levels to support multi-functional habitats for various waterfowl,and minimizing human disturbance in key areas.Ultimately,such knowledge-based assessments are essential for guiding effective actions but long-term monitoring of multiple species in this region is also important in further studies to help preserve bird habitats and safeguard regional biodiversity in the face of massive anthropogenic environmental change.关键词
越冬水鸟/栖息地适宜性/GIS/土地利用变化/内陆湿地/时空动态/保护策略Key words
wintering waterbirds/habitat suitability/GIS/land use change/inland wetlands/spatio-temporal dynamics/conservation strategy分类
土木建筑引用本文复制引用
徐菲,黄晨,杨永川..AHP模型在三峡库区越冬水禽栖息地评价中的应用与共识[J].西部人居环境学刊,2025,40(5):45-50,6.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42301055) （42301055）
