谭玉娇 1张福锁 2徐玖亮 2王浩钧 3张顺涛 2王婷 3谭玉龙 4李鹏丽 3白建国 5唐唯 5吕世华6
作者信息
- 1. 云南大学 国际河流与生态安全研究院,昆明 650091
- 2. 中国农业大学 资源与环境学院,北京 100091
- 3. 云南农业大学 资源与环境学院,昆明 650201
- 4. 云南农业大学 热带作物学院,云南普洱 650210
- 5. 云南曲靖塑料(集团)有限公司,云南曲靖 655000
- 6. 四川省农业科学院 农业资源与环境所,成都 610066
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
Plastic film mulching is a key technique for enhancing rice yield and production efficiency in regions with low temperatures and drought conditions.Investigating the impacts of plastic film mulching and fertilizer application rates on rice yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)holds significant implications for driving innovation in rice cultivation practices and formulating scientific fertilization strategies in the Erhai Lake Basin,which is a high-altitude rice-growing area.In 2023,an experiment was conducted,involving two planting modes(CT,conventional tillage;PM,plastic film mulching,and three nitrogen fertilizer gradients(N0,no nitrogen application;N90,90 kg N/hm2;N135,135 kg N/hm2).The study systematically compared the effects of these treatments on rice yield and its components,the dynamics of dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and translocation characteristics,and NUE.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer application significantly promoted the relative tillering rate during the early tillering stage.Meanwhile,it accelerated the maximum accumulation rates of dry matter and nitrogen.This effect further led to a significant increase in the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen at maturity(with increases of 105.2％-119.0％and 70.0％-97.2％under the CT mode,respectively,and 142.0％-144.1％and 151.6％-179.8％under the PM mode,respectively),as well as an enhancement in rice yield(with increases of 50.0％-72.0％under the CT mode and 48.8％-50.0％under the PM mode).Under the CT mode,nitrogen application primarily increased yield by augmenting the number of grains per panicle,whereas under the PM mode,it increased yield mainly by elevating the number of effective panicles per unit area(P＜0.05).However,nitrogen fertilizer application resulted in a decrease in NUE(with reductions of 14.9％-16.0％under the CT mode and 42.0％-46.2％under the PM mode).Compared with the CT mode,plastic film mulching significantly elevated the soil temperature in the 0-20 cm soil layer by 0.8 ℃ within one month after rice transplantation,enhanced the relative tillering rate during the early tillering stage by 50.9％,and raised the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen at maturity by 49.0％and 92.3％,ultimately the rice yield significant increased by 55.0％.Under the same nitrogen application level,compared with the CT mode,the PM mode significantly increased in NUE,as evidenced by increases in nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP)of 43.3％-62.4％,nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)of 15.2％-60.8％,and nitrogen physiological efficiency(NPE)of 174.4％-219.9％.Based on the findings of this study,under the cultivation conditions in the Erhai Lake Basin,applying nitrogen fertilizer at a rate exceeding 135 kg/hm2 in the CT mode can achieve relatively high rice yields.In contrast,in the PM mode,applying nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg/hm2 can not only realize high rice yields but also effectively improve NUE.关键词
水稻/地膜覆盖/氮肥用量/产量/氮肥利用效率/洱海流域Key words
rice/plastic film mulching/nitrogen fertilizer application rate/yield/nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency/Erhai Lake basin分类
农业科技
