中国蔬菜Issue(11)：167-174,8.DOI:10.19928/j.cnki.1000-6346.2025.2045
上海市设施蔬菜施肥状况与典型蔬菜养分供需分析
Fertilization Status of Protected Vegetables in Shanghai and Analysis of Nutrient Supply and Demand for Typical Vegetables
摘要
Abstract
To clarify the current situation and existing problems of fertilizer application in protected vegetables in Shanghai,a sampling survey was conducted on the planting of protected vegetables in 9 agricultural districts of the city in 2024.Through distributing crop fertilization information questionnaires,the yield and fertilization status of various types of protected vegetables(Chinese cabbage,solanaceous fruits,leafy vegetables,cabbage,root and tuber vegetables,melon vegetables)and 5 typical vegetables,Chinese cabbage,pakchoi(green vegetables),tomato,eggplant,cucumber,were investigated and studied.The results showed that the pure input amounts of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in protected vegetable production in Shanghai were 196.11 kg·hm-2 and 222.41 kg·hm-2,respectively.There were significant differences in fertilization frequency,fertilization amount,nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium input ratio and nutrient supply-demand ratio among different vegetable types.Root and tuber vegetables had the most fertilization times and the highest chemical fertilizer input(583.17 kg·hm-2);Chinese cabbage had the highest organic fertilizer input(406.60 kg·hm-2).The yield of the 5 typical vegetables was closely related to the nutrient input.Eggplant and tomato had long growth cycles and more fertilization times;cucumber and tomato had higher yields and total nutrient inputs.The input amounts of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P2O5)and potassium(K2O)for Chinese cabbage were 6.49,12.71 and 3.44 times of the demand,respectively,indicating a huge potential for nutrient reduction;the supply-demand ratio of potassium fertilizer for eggplant and pakchoi(green vegetables)was relatively reasonable.It is suggested that agricultural technology extension departments should formulate personalized fertilization strategies according to the nutrient demand characteristics of different vegetables and the fertilizer demand rules at various stages,guide farmers to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer inputs,and achieve cost saving and efficiency increasing.关键词
设施蔬菜/施肥现状/化肥/有机肥/养分供需Key words
protected vegetables/fertilization status/chemical fertilizers/organic fertilizers/nutrient supply and demand引用本文复制引用
王站付,汪学才,杨晓磊,高美凤,高飞,张敏,夏伟,金海洋..上海市设施蔬菜施肥状况与典型蔬菜养分供需分析[J].中国蔬菜,2025,(11):167-174,8.基金项目
上海市科技兴农项目(2024-02-08-00-12-F00025) （2024-02-08-00-12-F00025）
