This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2802504),the Climate Change Project of the China Meteorological Administration,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42122047)and the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2023Z025,2023Z004,and 2023Z015).The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions.The authors gratefully thank for review before submission by Fengming Hui(Sun Yat-sen University),Jiping Liu(Sun Yat-sen University),Lei Liu(National University of Defense Tech-nology,China),Lin Wang(Institute of Atmospheric Phys-ics,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Peiqun Zhang(National Climate Centre),Penglin Wang(National Climate Centre),Qizhen Sun(National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center,China),Xiangbin Cui(Polar Research Institute of China),Xiaochun Zhang(Meteorological Observation Center,China Meteorological Administration),Xiaodong Wu(Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resour-ces,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Xichen Li(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences)and Zhiqiang Li(National Center for Marine Environmental Prediction,China). （2021YFC2802504）