铁道科学与工程学报2025，Vol.22Issue(11)：4796-4809,14.DOI:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20250190
小侧滑角下风阻制动装置对高速列车气动特性影响分析
Influence of aerodynamic braking device on aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed train at low yaw angle condition
摘要
Abstract
Due to China's vast territory and complex wind environments,understanding the impact of aerodynamic braking devices on the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains under crosswind conditions is critically important.This study investigated the braking performance of high-speed trains equipped with aerodynamic braking devices under crosswind conditions at low yaw angles.The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)method,coupled with the SST k-ω turbulence model,was employed to compare and analyze the airflow characteristics and corresponding aerodynamic loads around a three-car formation of both the original train and the modified train with braking devices.The reliability and accuracy of the numerical method were validated through comparisons with wind tunnel experiments conducted on the aerodynamic braking train model.The results are drawn as follows.The introduction of aerodynamic braking plates can markedly alter the flow field distribution around the high-speed train,inducing strong shear separation flows and expanding the low-speed wake region.Additionally,the braking plates can enhance the positive pressure distribution over the head car and intensify the negative pressure distribution over the tail car.As a result,the aerodynamic drag of the head car and tail car can increase by approximately 213.67%and 514.09%,respectively,leading to a substantial rise in the overall differential pressure resistance.Consequently,it leads to a significant increase in the total aerodynamic drag.Compared to the original high-speed train,the total aerodynamic drag increases by approximately 248.69%,demonstrating a pronounced aerodynamic drag enhancement effect.Furthermore,under the combined effects of low yaw angle crosswinds and separation flows induced by the braking plates,the flow field structure on the leeward side of the train becomes increasingly complex,accompanied by a thickened boundary layer and significantly enlarged vortex structures.Compared to the original train,the lateral stability of the aerodynamic braking train is significantly reduced during braking device operation,as evidenced by a 48.54%increase in the overall lateral force of the three-car formation.Meanwhile,the change in the total aerodynamic lift remains minimal,decreasing by only about 0.37%.关键词
高速列车/风阻制动装置/气动特性/数值模拟/横风Key words
high-speed train/aerodynamic braking device/aerodynamic characteristics/numerical simulation/crosswind分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
王家斌,张露晨,张普阳,乔峰,张洁,高广军..小侧滑角下风阻制动装置对高速列车气动特性影响分析[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2025,22(11):4796-4809,14.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4301202) （2022YFB4301202）
中南大学研究生科研创新项目(自主探索类)(1053320220657) （自主探索类）
