创新科技2025，Vol.25Issue(11)：11-22,12.DOI:10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2025.11.2
从"选育"到"孕育":中美基础学科拔尖创新人才培养模式比较与启示
From"Selection and Cultivation"to"Nurturing":A Compara-tive Study of Training Models for Innovative Talents in Funda-mental Disciplines Between China and the United States
摘要
Abstract
The cultivation of top-tier innovative talents in fundamental disciplines is a crucial manifestation of China's strategy to build a strong education nation.In today's global landscape,competition is fundamentally about securing elite talent.To achieve high-level technological self-reliance,it has become imperative to promote integrated development across education,sci-ence,and talent cultivation,and to establish a high-quality system for nurturing exceptional in-novators in foundational disciplines.As the Sino-US rivalry intensifies and technological compe-tition escalates,the focus of competition between the two nations has shifted from trade to sci-ence and technology.By comparing the development gaps in fundamental discipline talent culti-vation between China and the U.S.and analyzing the differences in their training models,we can enhance the effectiveness of China's talent development and build a"reservoir"for scientific and technological innovation. The comparative study of talent strength,academic achievement,and innovation transforma-tion between China and the United States shows that the scale of basic science researchers and the total output of papers in China have increased rapidly in recent years.However,there is still a significant gap between China and the United States in terms of talent quality,achievement in-fluence,and industrial leadership. A comparative analysis of exemplary cases from both countries reveals systematic differ-ences in their talent development models.①Policy orientation:The U.S.model evolves driven by societal needs,while China's is strategically guided by national priorities;②Selection mecha-nisms:The U.S.emphasizes"comprehensive talent evaluation",whereas China prioritizes"fair screening";③Training systems:The U.S.model is relatively mature and well-established,while China remains in the pilot exploration phase;④Evaluation methods:The U.S.focuses on process-oriented assessment,while China relies on quantitative academic performance metrics;⑤Training ecosystems:The U.S.emphasizes positive interaction with social systems,while China's system operates relatively independently. To effectively enhance the cultivation of top-tier innovative talents in China's basic disci-plines,it is imperative to shift from"selection and cultivation"to"nurturing".This requires achieving three fundamental transformations:in terms of objectives,shifting from"selecting tal-ents"to"nurturing talents";in terms of processes,transitioning from"single pathways"to"di-verse guidance";and in terms of cycles,moving from"phased cultivation"to"lifelong growth".Based on China's educational realities,this paper proposes specific directions for upgrading the cultivation model:in terms of selection,strengthening multidimensional evaluation and early identification;in terms of cultivation,emphasizing tailored teaching and interest-driven guid-ance;and in terms of evaluation,reflecting comprehensive assessment and appropriate tolerance for errors.The corresponding systematic path choices include:①deepening the understanding of underlying principles and providing stable guarantees through strengthened institutional legisla-tion for top-tier innovative talents;②improving the cultivation chain by establishing a long-term,sustainable development mechanism that connects primary,secondary,and higher educa-tion;③focusing on integrating the education chain,talent chain,industrial chain,and innovation chain to promote their deep integration,thereby enhancing the conditions for talent cultivation and ultimately building a talent cultivation ecosystem with Chinese characteristics that supports high-level technological self-reliance and strength.关键词
基础学科/拔尖创新人才/人才培养/中美比较/党的二十届四中全会/科技自立自强/教育科技人才一体化/基础研究分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
彭婧,陈强..从"选育"到"孕育":中美基础学科拔尖创新人才培养模式比较与启示[J].创新科技,2025,25(11):11-22,12.基金项目
国家社会科学基金项目"面向新征程的国家创新体系整体效能提升研究"(22VRC126). （22VRC126）
