创新科技2025，Vol.25Issue(11)：23-31,9.DOI:10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2025.11.3
新一轮科技革命和产业变革下新质生产力发展的挑战与实践路径
Challenges and Practical Pathways for Developing New Quality Productive Forces Under the New Round of Scientific and Techno-logical Revolution and Industrial Transformation
摘要
Abstract
Under the new round of global technological revolution and industrial transforma-tion,accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is an inevitable requirement for China to enhance its core technological competitiveness.Developing new quality productive forces is a major strategic judgement made by China in response to the"Four Orientations".It provides a historical opportunity for China to rapidly enhance its international competitiveness and influence,thereby achieving a"lane-changing overtaking".This paper systematically sum-marizes the practical challenges faced by the development of new quality productive forces un-der the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,using a combination of literature research and case analysis,within the framework of Marxist productivity theory and Schumpeter's innovation theory.The results show that:①Western countries led by the United States are gradually intensifying preventive measures against China in technological competition;meanwhile,China's national innovation system is still not perfect and urgently needs to tackle key core technologies in critical areas.②There remains a relative shortage of top-tier innovation talent in China,with a large gap in high-end talent,especially top innovation talent;the regional and industry distribution of talent is uneven;and there is even a real challenge of talent loss.③The United States increasingly recognizes that its technological leading advantage is being rap-idly caught up,and its traditional dominance is facing unprecedented challenges.Consequently,the"exclusivity"aspect of the US technological competition strategy is becoming more pro-nounced,as it unilaterally provokes the China-US trade war,announces additional tariffs on China,and attempts to weaken China's economic and technological development capabilities through strict import and export controls.④Compared with developed countries,Chinese enter-prises still have certain gaps in R&D investment intensity,innovation incentive mechanisms,and the efficiency of results conversion.The main reason is that China's leading enterprises have shown a significant pragmatism in R&D resource allocation,with resources highly concentrated on applied research that can quickly achieve productization and commercial returns,and a rela-tively low willingness to invest in basic research,which has become one of the bottlenecks re-stricting the development of new quality productive forces.Based on this,accelerating the devel-opment of new quality productive forces requires establishing a new national system for tackling key core technologies,implementing systematic strategic planning to accelerate national techno-logical innovation development,cultivating high-level talent in technological innovation to gather strong talent support for developing new quality productive forces,fostering technologi-cally leading enterprises with independent innovation capability to activate the driving engine for new quality productive forces,and actively promoting international scientific and technologi-cal exchanges and cooperation to create a globally open and innovative ecosystem for the devel-opment of new quality productive forces.关键词
新质生产力/科技创新/产业变革/高质量发展/人工智能/数字经济/马克思主义/科技革命Key words
new quality productive forces/scientific and technological innovation/industrial transformation/high-quality development/artificial intelligence/digital economy/Marxism/sci-entific and technical revolution分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
张鷟,刘白羽..新一轮科技革命和产业变革下新质生产力发展的挑战与实践路径[J].创新科技,2025,25(11):23-31,9.基金项目
天津大学政治经济学自主知识体系一般项目"习近平关于生产力重要论述的整体性研究"(2025ZJYJ003). （2025ZJYJ003）
