大豆科学2025，Vol.44Issue(6)：1-8,8.DOI:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2025.06.0001
美国大豆高产记录剖析及中国大豆单产提升途径探索
Analysis of High-Yield Records of Soybean in the United States and Exploration of Ways for Enhancing Soybean Per Unit Yield in China
摘要
Abstract
Although the history of soybean cultivation in the United States is relatively short,its production level has consistently ranked among the world's highest.By fully leveraging the integrated advantages of superior varieties,advanced technologies,intelligent machinery,and favorable ecological conditions,the U.S.has established a systematic and highly efficient modern soybean production system.This system incorporates key technological components including genetic potential development,soil ecology improvement,precision field management,integrated pest and weed control,as well as meteorological disaster response,achieving comprehensive optimization in soybean production.By analyzing the cultivation practices of record-breaking high-yield farmers such as Kip Cullers,Randy Dowdy,and Alex Harrell,this study identifies and summarizes three core technical pathways and key success factors.(1)Variety selection and precision-adapted cultivation:Selection and deployment of early-maturing,high-density-tolerant,and stress-resistant soybean varieties;zoning of planting regions and sowing periods based on thermal time zones;and optimization of row spacing and plant density to establish a canopy structure with high light-use efficiency.(2)Soil ecosystem optimization:Integration of grid-based soil sampling,lime amendment for pH regulation,cover cropping,crop rotation,and precision fertilization to improve nutrient use efficiency and enhance soil ecological stability.(3)Smart precision management and green control:Application of Internet of Things(IoT)sensors to monitor soil moisture and pest-weed-disease dynamics in real time;precise use of biopesticides;and development of a comprehensive prevention and control system encompassing forecasting,monitoring,and targeted intervention.Building on these insights,and in light of the climatic conditions,soil characteristics,and practical challenges faced by major soybean-producing regions in China,this study proposes a yield enhancement pathway tailored to China's national context.By coordinating key components including variety development,soil and nutrient management,green pest and weed control,and cultivation system optimization,aiming to construct an integrated and efficient soybean production technology system.This framework is expected to address the current constraints of low yield and suboptimal resource use efficiency in China,and to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the advancement of high-yield and high-efficiency soybean production and overall industry improvement.关键词
美国大豆/高产纪录剖析/中国大豆/单产提升途径Key words
American soybean/analysis of high-yield records/Chinese soybeans/ways for enhancing soybean per unit yield引用本文复制引用
夏灵石,王培国,武婷婷,袁珊,曹东,秦超,蒋炳军,孙石,武小霞,韩天富..美国大豆高产记录剖析及中国大豆单产提升途径探索[J].大豆科学,2025,44(6):1-8,8.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1201300) （2023YFD1201300）
三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院"南繁专项"(YBXM2528). （YBXM2528）
