大豆科学2025，Vol.44Issue(6)：17-26,10.DOI:10.11861/j.issn.1000-9841.2025.06.0017
基于海南环境下的周年多代大豆繁殖育种技术
Year-Round Multi-Generation Soybean Propagation and Breeding Technology in Hainan's Environmental Conditions
摘要
Abstract
Addressing the issues of low self-sufficiency rate,insufficient yield level,and long traditional breeding cycle of soybeans in China,this study utilized the unique tropical climate conditions of Sanya,Hainan,to systematically construct a year-round multi-generation rapid breeding technology system for soybeans.Through the identification of the year-round growth period of 16 soybean germplasms and generation advancement trials of 150 breeding populations in Hainan,the potential for generational multiplication of soybean germplasms from different ecological regions under the short-daylight and high-temperature environment of Hainan was explored.The results showed that under the"winter-spring/summer/autumn/winter-spring"model,germplasms such as early-maturing varieties from northeast China(e.g.,Heihe 43)and summer soybeans from the Huang-Huai region(e.g.,Qihuang 34)could achieve rapid reproduction for up to 7 generations at the fastest,with an average annual reproduction rate of 5 generations.Later-maturing germplasms from southern China could complete 6 generations of reproduction,with an average annual reproduction rate of 4 generations,shortening the breeding cycle by more than 50%compared to the traditional"North Breeding,South Multiplication"model.This study innovatively proposed 6 generation advancement schemes applicable to various scenarios.Techno-economic analysis indicated that the Hainan year-round generation advancement model saves 51.1%of land area and reduces costs by 28.2%compared to the traditional northern model.By integrating various rapid breeding technologies for soybeans,the single-generation cycle can be shortened by 40 days.The study demonstrated that Hainan's natural light and temperature conditions are highly compatible with the reproductive growth requirements of soybeans:short daylight(<12 h)promotes early flowering,and high temperatures(>24℃)accelerate grain filling,thus providing suitable generation advancement strategies for different ecological types of soybeans.This system overcomes the light and temperature limitations of traditional breeding,enabling large-scale reproduction of 4-6 generations per year,and providing efficient and low-cost technical support for soybean germplasm innovation and variety selection in China.关键词
大豆/生育期/海南/周年/快速育种技术Key words
soybean/growth period/Hainan/year-round/rapid breeding technology引用本文复制引用
高华伟,李进冬,徐江源,李晓菲,张勇,谷勇哲,洪慧龙,朱志峰,邱丽娟..基于海南环境下的周年多代大豆繁殖育种技术[J].大豆科学,2025,44(6):17-26,10.基金项目
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2021XDNY275) （ZDYF2021XDNY275）
中国农业科学院南繁专项(YBXM2427). （YBXM2427）
