菌物研究2025，Vol.23Issue(5)：381-389,9.DOI:10.13341/j.jfr.2025.1898
食用菌新害螨——同食酪螨的生物学特性及其对常用杀螨剂的敏感性分析
Biological Characteristics of Tyrophagus communis,a New Pest Mite of Edible Fungi and Analysis of Its Sensitivity Against Common Acaricides
摘要
Abstract
In August 2023,serious mite infestations occurred during the industrial cultivation of Hypsizygus marmoreus in Sichuan Province,showing an incidence rate as high as 80％.Through investigation and classification,the mite was determined to be Tyrophagus communis.Aiming to develop effective control strategies,we conducted in this study to examine the morphological and biological characteristics of T.communis,and its sensitivity of adult mites to ten kinds of acaricides commonly used.Microscopic observations revealed that female mites had a sac shape and white to translucent color bodies.The prodorsum was featured with a pair of eyespots.Dorsal setae of d2 was slightly longer than c1 but both of which were shorter than other setae.The legs were light brown in color and the tarsi were slender in shape.Male mites resembled female mites in appearance,but carried an"S"-shaped aedeagus that had two distinct bends,curving at the one-third point near the distal end in an opposite direction.Our results also showed that the damage levels of mushrooms induced by T.communis for eight varieties of H.marmoreus deriving from Jiangsu and Sichuan Provinces ranged from(2.75±0.5)to(9.0±0).Five H.marmoreus varieties were susceptible or highly susceptible(accounting for 62.5％)and one variety was resistant or highly resistant(accounting for 25％)to T.communis.At a temperature of 24℃ with a relative humidity of 80％,the developmental duration of T.communis on the highly susceptible variety of Baiyugu M4 was 10.75±0.96 days,about 2 days shorter than that on the highly resistant variety of Baiyugu 1.The population numbers of T.communis reached up to(828±30.1)～(835±52.3)within 21 days,on the other hand,on the highly susceptible varieties of Baiyugu M4 and Xieweigu 2 but were only(432±14.1)～(526±11.3)on the resistant and highly resistant varieties of Baiyugu QF01 and Baiyugu 1,being about a half of the former.Both of the temperature and cultivars had significant effects on the population growth of T.communis.It was found that T.communis grew slowest at 18℃,rapidest at 21℃ and significantly declined at 24℃.Moreover,the population numbers of T.communis on the same variety could differ by more than twice under different temperatures.Finally,analysis of the effects of ten commonly used pesticides on T.communis growth showed a result that a treatment with 240 g/L chlorfenapyr SC,45％profenofos EC and 30％pyriproxyfen-chlorfenapyr SC had certain toxicity to the mite,revealing a median lethal concentration(LC50)of 0.522,0.909 and 0.626 mg/L respectively,in the laboratory level.The present study thus provided a theoretical basis usefully for the future comprehensive control of T.communis.关键词
同食酪螨/发育历期/杀螨剂Key words
Tyrophagus communis/developmental duration/acaricide分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
牛梦娜,兰清秀,李辉平,徐平,林金盛,曲绍轩,马林..食用菌新害螨——同食酪螨的生物学特性及其对常用杀螨剂的敏感性分析[J].菌物研究,2025,23(5):381-389,9.基金项目
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-20),西南林业大学食用菌现代产业学院建设项目重点项目(SYJ2506),常州市科技计划项目(CE20222010) （CARS-20）
