河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.45Issue(1)：40-48,9.DOI:10.16186/j.cnki.1673-9787.2025080038
基于生命周期评价的城市污水处理碳足迹分析与评价
Carbon footprint analysis and assessment of municipal wastewater treatment based on life cycle assessment
摘要
Abstract
Objectives Gaps in existing wastewater treatment carbon-footprint research are addressed in the present study—namely the omission of CO₂ emissions originating from fossil-derived organic carbon in influ-ent wastewater that are released during biological treatment by activated sludge,and the lack of comprehen-sive life-cycle-level evaluation of carbon-reduction pathways.A life-cycle assessment is conducted to ana-lyze and evaluate the carbon footprint of municipal wastewater treatment.Methods An improved carbon-footprint accounting model is developed to identify the key emission sources across the full process of repre-sentative A/A/O(anaerobic/anoxic/oxic)wastewater treatment plants,and integrated,system-level mitiga-tion strategies are proposed.Taking a typical wastewater treatment plant as a case study,a life cycle assess-ment(LCA)method is applied to establish a system encompassing four unit processes:primary treatment,biological treatment,advanced treatment,and sludge treatment.The eFootprint software,along with the CLCD and Ecoinvent databases is used to quantify the carbon footprint.A novel aspect includes the ac-counting of CO2 emissions derived from fossil-origin organic carbon in wastewater during biological treat-ment via the activated sludge process.Based on one year of actual operational data,a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify key influencing factors.Results The total carbon footprint of the plant is found to be 5.11×10⁻¹ kg CO₂e/m³.The carbon footprint of the four unit processes is ranked as follows:biological treat-ment>sludge treatment>advanced treatment>preliminary treatment.Biological and sludge treatments together account for 73%of the total,identifying them as the primary carbon emission units.From an inventory per-spective,the contributions are ranked as follows:electricity consumption>material consumption>pollutant emissions>direct emissions.Electricity and material consumption are identified as the core influencing fac-tors,with indirect emissions collectively accounting for 82%.Conclusions Based on the carbon footprint ac-counting model constructed in this study,which incorporates fossil-derived CO2 emissions,biochemical treatment and sludge treatment have been identified as the key units for emission reduction,with electricity consumption and material consumption being the primary focuses for management.Accordingly,short-and long-term coordinated emission reduction strategies are proposed:short-term measures include improving equipment energy efficiency,optimizing operational processes,and adopting low-cost material alternatives;long-term strategies involve process upgrades,implementing intelligent control systems,and optimizing the energy mix.This approach provides actionable pathways for carbon emission reduction in wastewater treat-ment plants.关键词
生命周期评价/污水处理/碳足迹/碳排放/减碳路径/单元过程分析Key words
life cycle assessment/wastewater treatment/carbon footprint/carbon emissions/carbon mitiga-tion pathways/unit process analysis分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
李成杰,黄森,陈保光,赵爱平,郭晓明,姜凤成,王明仕..基于生命周期评价的城市污水处理碳足迹分析与评价[J].河南理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,45(1):40-48,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41502241) （41502241）
河南省重点研发专项(241111320400) （241111320400）
河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(252102321066) （科技攻关）
河南省一流本科课程(豫教[2121]21962) （豫教[2121]21962）
河南理工大学"非标准答案"考试改革专题研究项目(FBZDA-1024194) （FBZDA-1024194）
河南理工大学校级课程思政项目(KCSZ-KC24193) （KCSZ-KC24193）
