大气科学学报2025，Vol.48Issue(6)：990-1003,14.DOI:10.13878/j.cnki.dqkxxb.20241211003
基于降水测量卫星的中国降水系统特征及其对流天气研究
Advances in the characteristics of precipitation systems and their associated convective weather in China based on precipitation measurement satellites
摘要
Abstract
Warm-season precipitation systems in China,influenced by monsoon circulations,diverse synoptic conditions,and complex topography,frequently generate heavy rainfall and severe convective weather,often re-sulting in devastating hydrometerological disasters.Traditional monitoring tools such as ground-based radars and geostationary satellites have inherent limitations in spatial coverage and in resolving internal precipitation struc-tures.The advent of precipitation measurement satellites—TRMM(1997-2015),GPM(2014-present),and China's FY-3G(2023-present)—equipped with spaceborne precipitation radars,has revolutionized this field.These satellites provide long-term,high-quality 3D observations,enabling systematic analysis of precipitation system characteristics over nearly three decades.This review synthesizes recent research progress in China,sum-marizing advances in the characterization of precipitation systems using TRMM and GPM data.It focuses on i-dentification methodologies,climatological characteristics,and the physical linkages between 3D structures and severe weather.The core approach involves objective identification using connected-component analysis of radar reflectivity.Systems are parameterized by key metrics such as area,eccentricity,convective-stratiform ratio,and vertical structure.Furthermore,integration with geostationary satellite data enables lifecycle analysis,encompass-ing developing,mature,and dissipating stages.Research findings reveal several significant insights.Temporal and spatial variations:Convective intensity generally strengthens from early to mid-summer over southern China but weakens during the South China Sea monsoon onset.Regionally,convection is strongest over South China,followed by the Yangtze-Huaihe Valley,the Tibetan Plateau,and the East China Sea.The dry environment over the Tibetan Plateau leads to systems with high cloud bases,smaller horizontal scales,active mixed-phase micro-physics,and lower lightning rates.Synoptic and organizational influences:System characteristics are strongly modulated by synoptic conditions.Over the eastern China plains,extremely wide convective systems occur mainly under trough,subtropical high,or typhoon influences,each associated with distinct seasonal peaks and severe weather propensities.Different organizational modes(e.g.,trailing stratiform,bow echo)exhibit contras-ting convective intensities,with bow-echo systems being the most vigorous.Notably,satellite observations have revealed frequent linear MCSs near the Wuyi Mountains that were not undetected by ground-based radars.Lifecy-cle evolution:Combined GPM and geostationary satellite data show systematic lifecycle transitions—developing stages exhibit the largest convective fraction,mature stages display the greatest precipitation area and particle concentration,and dissipating stages are characterized by smaller particle sizes.Severe weather linkages:Light-ning:Thunderstorms contribute 40％—50％of annual rainfall and 70％—80％of heavy rainfall(＞20 mm·h-1)in key regions.Lightning frequency correlates more strongly with the mixed-phase layer ice volume(35 dBZ echo volume)than with echo-top height.Extreme precipitation:Approximately 20％—50％of extreme precipita-tion events,particularly in coastal monsoon areas,are associated with weak convection.These systems are small in scale and shallow in depth,with minimal lightning activity.Their extreme rainfall is primarily driven by en-hanced warm-rain processes(efficient collision-coalescence),as evidenced by sharp reflectivity increases below the melting level.Persistent challenges arise from satellite limitations.The relatively low temporal resolution ne-cessitates synergistic use with other observational data,while the narrow radar swaths introduce truncation effects that bias statistical analyses.In addition,standard parameterization methods struggle to capture complex system morphologies.Future research should focus on 1)enhanced multi-source data fusion through space-air-ground in-tegrated observation networks;2)improved classification algorithms based on machine learning;3)mechanistic investigations combining satellite climatologies with numerical modeling to diagnose governing processes;and 4)full utilization of new satellite capabilities,such as the wider swath of FY-3G.In conclusion,precipitation measurement satellites have fundamentally advanced our understanding of precipitation systems and convective weather in China.Continued progress through multi-source integration and emerging technologies will further elu-cidate system complexities,ultimately improving precipitation prediction and disaster mitigation capabilities.关键词
降水测量卫星/降水系统/活动规律/结构特征/对流天气Key words
precipitation measurement satellites/precipitation systems/activity regularities/structural features/convective weather引用本文复制引用
陈浩,陈凤娇,诸葛小勇,唐飞,姚彬,阚琬琳,宇路..基于降水测量卫星的中国降水系统特征及其对流天气研究[J].大气科学学报,2025,48(6):990-1003,14.基金项目
淮河流域气象开放研究基金项目(HRM202407) （HRM202407）
中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2024Y001 （）
2020R002) （）
