热带地理2025，Vol.45Issue(11)：1974-1987,14.DOI:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20250029
就业不稳定性对中国城市流动人口社会融合的影响机制研究
Impacts of employment precarity on social integration of migrant populations in urban China
摘要
Abstract
Facilitating the social integration of the migrant population is a pivotal task in the comprehensive advancement of new urbanization.Nevertheless,this significant task is currently confronted with formidable challenges arising from the prevailing trend of unstable employment in the labor market.This paper introduces the concept of precarity,which has been the subject of extensive and in-depth discussion in the international academic community,constructs a comprehensive indicator system for assessing employment precarity,and reveals the intricate impact mechanism of employment precarity on the social integration of China's migrant population.Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey in 2017,the following primary conclusions were obtained through rigorous exploratory factor analysis and parallel multiple mediation effect models.Firstly,the overwhelming majority of the migrant population is in a state of varying degrees of unstable employment.When evaluating the comprehensive index of employment precarity for the migrant population from four key dimensions,employment status,contract nature,occupational industry type,and unit ownership,the value of 0.466 indicates an overall moderate level of precarity.The migrant population that fails to attain stable employment often finds itself in a disadvantaged position.These individuals typically seldom sign formal contracts,which means they lack the legal protection and stability that come with such contracts.They are concentrated in the secondary labor market,where low-threshold occupations and non-monopolistic industries prevail.Despite their arduous work,they can only earn meager wages,which severely restricts their standard of living and development opportunities.Secondly,the average level of social integration of the migrant population is 0.363.The integration levels of the economic,psychological,and behavioral dimensions are 0.102,0.614,and 0.732,respectively.The low-level integration in the economic dimension is the primary bottleneck in the social integration process of the migrant population.Thirdly,the employment precarity of the migrant population has a significant direct negative impact on its level of social integration.It constrains social integration by influencing a series of material,social,and subjective psychological conditions.These include income stability,housing stability,social security level,local social network,local social participation,housing willingness,and settlement willingness.The indirect limiting effect accounts for 77.49％of the total limiting effect.Among the hypotheses proposed in this paper,the effect of the employment precarity-residence intention-social integration path is the most significant,and the effect of the employment precarity-income stability-social integration path is the weakest.However,the employment precarity-family migration-social integration path has not been verified and requires further in-depth exploration and elucidation.This paper enhances the indicator system for measuring employment instability,comprehensively demonstrating its characteristics such as high job-change frequency,lack of security,and disadvantaged position in the labor market.Simultaneously,it specifically reveals the impact path of employment instability on social integration.Finally,this paper introduces the concept of employment instability into domestic human geography research,offering a solid research foundation for understanding and addressing the challenges posed by instability to the social integration of the migrant population.At the practical level,in the context of employment instability becoming a trend of economic development,it is imperative to promote the social integration of the migrant population through policy and system linkages in employment,housing,social security,household registration,and other areas.关键词
不稳定性/不稳定就业/流动人口/社会融合/新型城镇化/中国Key words
precarity/precarious employment/migrant population/social integration/new-type urbanization/China分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
黄耿志,杨济同,柴力行..就业不稳定性对中国城市流动人口社会融合的影响机制研究[J].热带地理,2025,45(11):1974-1987,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(42471228) （42471228）
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2024A1515010939) （2024A1515010939）
广州市科技计划项目(2024A04J9879) （2024A04J9879）
