摘要
Abstract
With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,its impact on the labor mar-ket has drawn increasing attention.Using panel data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2023,this paper employs text mining and machine learning techniques to construct firm-level AI indicators,empirically investigating how AI reshapes employment patterns from the perspective of enterprises.
The results show that AI overall promotes employment,reflected in increased demand for high-skilled labor and decreased demand for low-skilled labor.Specifically,AI affects labord emand through raising average wages,optimizing the educational structure of the workforce,and expanding product market scale.These mechanisms jointly drive the creation effect of high-skilled jobs while exerting a substitution effect on low-skilled positions.Het-erogeneity analyses reveal that the impact of AI on labor demand varies across firms with different governance struc-tures,industries with varying technological intensities,and regions with differing levels of factor market develop-ment.Notably,the substitution effect on low-skilled labor is particularly pronounced in firms with low R&D-inten-sive boards,non-manufacturing firms,non-labor-intensive enterprises,and regions with underdeveloped market factors.The findings expand the research scope of AI employment impact,providing decision-making insights for optimizing high-quality full employment policies in the AI era.
This paper makes the following contributions.First,drawing on the theoretical framework of Acemoglu and Restrepo(2018),this paper incorporates AI as a capital-biased factor into the simplified production function and constructs a theoretical model of AI's impact on labor employment.Second,based on annual reports of listed com-panies,this paper constructs firm-level AI indicators by refining and processing text data,employing a foundational AI keyword list and utilizing the Word2Vec algorithm to dynamically generate an AI keyword set,thereby improving the scientific rigor and applicability of micro-level AI measurement.Third,from the perspective of enterprises,this paper examines the impact of AI on labor employment and investigates the key mechanisms.By analyzing the heter-ogeneity across firm,industry,and regional levels,this paper enriches the theoretical and empirical understanding of AI's employment impact,providing policy guidance for promoting high-quality,sufficient employment in the con-text of AI adoption.
This paper proposes the following policy implications.First,the government should increase investment in vo-cational and digital skills training programs for low-skilled workers to mitigate the risk of displacement.Second,en-terprises should be encouraged to enhance recruitment and training of high-skilled talent,supported by tax incen-tives and talent subsidies.Third,regional policies should be tailored to local economic and industrial characteristics to promote coordinated regional development.关键词
人工智能/劳动力就业/高质量充分就业/创造效应/替代效应Key words
AI/labor employment/high-quality full employment/creation effect/replacement effect分类
管理科学
