信号处理2025，Vol.41Issue(11)：1788-1799,12.DOI:10.12466/xhcl.2025.11.005
基于星链下行信号的多普勒定位方法
Doppler-Based Positioning Method Using Starlink Downlink Signal
摘要
Abstract
The rapid development of satellite internet constellations in low Earth orbit(LEO)has provided new opportu-nities for global communication and positioning services.In particular,SpaceX's Starlink constellation has emerged as one of the most representative LEO satellite networks because of its size and global coverage.In addition to communica-tion services,Starlink's downlink signals are considered as potential Signals of Opportunity(SoOP)that can be utilized to enhance or supplement traditional satellite navigation systems such as GPS and BeiDou.Given that the constellation comprises thousands of satellites,these signals are characterized by high stability,wide bandwidth,and global accessi-bility,which makes them particularly suitable for use in navigation.In this study,we propose a Doppler-based position-ing method that utilizes Starlink's downlink data frame signals to improve the accuracy of opportunistic positioning via the Starlink constellation.This method combines the primary synchronization symbols with user data symbols that con-tain pilot sequences in the downlink signal by employing a two-step estimation algorithm to measure Doppler frequency shifts.The measurements are then fed into an extended Kalman filter to compute the receiver's position.The results of simulations based on Starlink's real orbital parameters demonstrate that the proposed Doppler shift estimation algorithm outperforms traditional methods such as phase-locked loops,maximum likelihood estimation,and segmented differen-tial cross-correlation in terms of noise resistance and accuracy.At a signal-to-noise ratio of 0 dB,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the estimation was 3.7 Hz,while the RMSE during satellite overpasses was 2.1 Hz.Furthermore,posi-tioning simulations using five satellites showed a three-dimensional positioning error of 13.5 m and a horizontal error of 6.1 m.Compared to existing beacon-based positioning methods that require six satellites,this represents an improve-ment of 9.4 and 0.4 m,respectively.These results indicate that the proposed data frame-based positioning algorithm sur-passes traditional methods in terms of both noise robustness and positioning accuracy.Thus,the proposed method en-hances the performance of opportunistic positioning techniques based on Starlink satellites.关键词
星链卫星/机会定位/下行数据帧/多普勒频移Key words
Starlink satellite/opportunistic positioning/downlink data frame/Doppler shift分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
李喆,林威洪,朱占宇,羊箭锋..基于星链下行信号的多普勒定位方法[J].信号处理,2025,41(11):1788-1799,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62471325)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62471325) （62471325）
