心理学报2025，Vol.57Issue(12)：2165-2176,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2025.2165
身份认同对吸烟者解释偏向的影响:认知负荷的作用
The effect of smoker identity on interpretive bias among smokers:The role of cognitive load
摘要
Abstract
Cognitive biases have been widely recognized as significant impediments to successful smoking cessation.Although a growing body of studies has examined attentional biases in smokers,potential interpretive biases towards smoking-related cues remain underexplored.According to the incentive sensitization theory of addiction,the dual-process model,and the cognitive mechanisms of addiction,cognitive bias towards drugs originates from associations between addiction-related cues and associated cognitive responses.On the basis of schema theory and the self-reference effect,a smoker identity,which refers to an association between smoking and self-concept,may act as a trigger for interpretive bias towards smoke-related cues.Additionally,it remains unclear whether cognitive load modulates the formation of smoking-related interpretive bias.Given these issues,the present study aimed to explore the characteristics of smoking-related interpretive bias and to examine the roles of a smoker identity and cognitive load on this bias. The present study included three experiments.Experiment 1 compared discrepancies in interpretive bias between smokers and nonsmokers.Interpretive bias was measured with open-ended scenarios that contained smoking-related and neutral target sentences.Thirty-six smokers and thirty-nine nonsmokers were recruited and completed the experimental task.Experiment 2 examined the effect of a smoker identity on smoking-related interpretive bias.Sixty-two smokers were recruited and were randomly assigned to either the high-smoker-identity group or the low-smoker-identity group.A smoker identity was manipulated by the social identity salience paradigm.Experiment 3 examined the role of cognitive load in the process by which a smoker identity influences smoking-related interpretive bias.Sixty smokers were recruited and were randomly assigned to two groups according to their degree of smoker identity.Cognitive load was manipulated by a digit memorization task. Experiment 1 revealed that the score for smoking-related interpretive bias in smokers was significantly greater than the score for nonsmokers.Experiment 2 revealed that the score for smoking-related interpretive bias in smokers with a higher smoker identity was significantly greater than the score for smokers with a lower smoker identity.Experiment 3 revealed that the interactive effect of smoker identity and cognitive load on interpretive bias was marginally significant.Simple effects analyses revealed that the impact of smoker identity on smoking-related interpretive bias under the low cognitive load condition was stronger than the impact under the high cognitive load condition. The present study demonstrates notable theoretical relevance and practical implications.First,the findings concerning the characteristics of smoking-related interpretive bias expand understanding of the components of smokers'cognitive bias.Second,the findings concerning the role of smoker identity in smoking-related interpretive bias provide a novel perspective for understanding the psychosocial mechanisms of this bias.Finally,the findings of the effect of cognitive load on smoking-related interpretive bias suggest that the potential pathways and conditions of cognitive resources should be considered to understand the process of smoking-related interpretive bias.The results enrich the theoretical framework of a cognitive perspective on smoking-related research and provide insight on the promotion of tobacco control in China.关键词
吸烟者/解释偏向/身份认同/认知负荷Key words
smoker/interpretive bias/smoker identity/cognitive load分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
陈海德,章横,王佳,高崚峰..身份认同对吸烟者解释偏向的影响:认知负荷的作用[J].心理学报,2025,57(12):2165-2176,12.基金项目
国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目(BBA230058)资助. （BBA230058）
