心理科学进展2025，Vol.33Issue(12)：2027-2042,16.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.2027
大语言模型的人工心理理论:证据、界定与挑战
Artificial theory of mind in large language models:Evidence,conceptualization,and challenges
摘要
Abstract
Traditionally,theory of mind has been regarded as a distinctive social cognitive ability exclusive to conscious beings.However,the rapidly developing large language models(LLMs)can solve various theory of mind tasks,which has provoked intense debate about whether LLMs possess theory of mind capabilities.Artificial theory of mind in LLMs exhibits similarities to theory of mind in performance but differs in internal processes.First,we systematically synthesize research on artificial theory of mind from the objects of evaluation and the characteristics of tasks.By comprehensively analyzing GPT-4's high accuracy on theory of mind tasks alongside intrinsic and extrinsic factors limiting its performance,we demonstrate that current models achieve performance similar to those of humans.Second,by comparing the neural foundations and developmental factors underpinning theory of mind and artificial theory of mind,we reveal essential distinctions in their internal processes,thereby refining the conceptual definition of artificial theory of mind.Future research should prioritize developing and using standardized evaluation protocols,investigating the mechanisms of artificial theory of mind within the mutual theory of mind framework,and aligning artificial theory of mind with its human counterpart.关键词
大语言模型/心理理论/人工心理理论/人工智能Key words
large language models/theory of mind/artificial theory of mind/artificial intelligence分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
杜传晨,郑远霞,郭倩倩,刘国雄..大语言模型的人工心理理论:证据、界定与挑战[J].心理科学进展,2025,33(12):2027-2042,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3341301)资助. （2023YFC3341301）
