心理科学进展2025，Vol.33Issue(12)：2156-2167,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1042.2025.2156
幻觉的神经和计算机制
Neurological and computational mechanisms of hallucinations
摘要
Abstract
Hallucinations,defined as perceptual experiences occurring in the absence of external stimuli,represent a hallmark symptom of numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders,with their severity strongly correlating with disease progression.Empirical evidence demonstrates that the manifestation of hallucinations is intricately linked to functional dysregulation within key brain regions,including the prefrontal cortex,insula,striatum,hippocampus,and parahippocampal gyrus.Recent advancements in computational neuroscience have offered novel perspectives on the neural and cognitive underpinnings of hallucinations.Within the framework of Bayesian brain theory,hallucinations are hypothesized to result from a dysregulation in the balance between attenuated bottom-up sensory processing and excessively weighted top-down predictive priors,leading to aberrant integration of prediction errors and the consequent misattribution of internally generated signals as external percepts.Nevertheless,the inherently subjective and unpredictable nature of hallucinations poses significant challenges,resulting in a limited understanding of their precise neural and computational mechanisms.Future research endeavors should prioritize the development of robust,objective methodologies for detecting hallucinatory states,elucidate the neurocomputational mechanisms driving their emergence,differentiate between distinct hallucination subtypes,and establish tailored intervention protocols.Such advancements hold the potential to inform the development of innovative therapeutic strategies,enhance treatment efficacy,mitigate the distress experienced by patients and their families,and alleviate the associated socioeconomic burden.关键词
幻觉/条件性幻觉/神经环路/预测编码/神经调控Key words
hallucinations/conditioned hallucinations/neural circuits/predictive coding/neuromodulation分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
苑墨桐,蔡雨霏,孙宏伟,李妍妍,王亮..幻觉的神经和计算机制[J].心理科学进展,2025,33(12):2156-2167,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(编号:32471110). （编号:32471110）
