中国农学通报2025，Vol.41Issue(32)：36-45,10.
不同地理种源蒙古黄芪叶片解剖结构特征及其环境适应性
Anatomical Characteristics and Environmental Adaptability of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus Leaves from Different Geographical Sources
摘要
Abstract
To screen germplasm resources of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus with high environmental adaptability to Daqing City,Heilongjiang Province,seeds from six geographical sources,Yinchuan(Ningxia),Hohhot(Inner Mongolia),Qiqihar(Heilongjiang),Baoding(Hebei),Shuyang(Jiangsu),and Taiyuan(Shanxi)—were sown in 2020 at the experimental base in Daqing.The site features a temperate continental monsoon climate,with an average annual temperature of 4.2℃,annual precipitation of 427.5 mm,and chernozem soil.After four years of cultivation,functional leaves from mature plants were collected.Using paraffin sectioning,14 leaf anatomical traits were measured,including midvein diameter,midvein vessel diameter,leaf thickness,epidermal thickness,cuticle thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,stomatal length,and stomatal width.Derived indices such as palisade-to-spongy ratio(P/S),cell tension ratio(CTR),and sponge ratio(SR)were also calculated.Principal component analysis(PCA)and hierarchical clustering were employed to elucidate anatomical differentiation among seed sources and their environmental adaptation under uniform growing conditions.Key findings include:(1)significant genetic divergence in leaf anatomy was observed among seed sources.Core adaptive traits included P/S ratio,CTR,palisade tissue thickness,midvein diameter,and leaf thickness.The Qiqihar(Heilongjiang)source exhibited superior performance,with palisade tissue thickness of(96.03±3.73)μm,P/S ratio of(3.84±1.14),and CTR of(63±0.4)%,all significantly higher than other sources.In contrast,the Hohhot(Inner Mongolia)source showed the lowest values for these traits(palisade tissue thickness:72.25±7.43 μm;P/S ratio:1.52±0.55;CTR:37±0.4%).(2)PCA extracted four principal components,collectively accounting for 85.12%of the total variance.PC1(44.34%variance)was heavily loaded with P/S ratio(0.93)and CTR(0.92),reflecting the synergistic function of mesophyll structure in light capture and water use.PC2(20.50%)was associated with midvein diameter(0.87)and vessel diameter(0.92),indicating vascular transport efficiency.PC3(11.79%)was linked to upper(0.86)and lower(0.76)epidermal thickness,representing protective mechanisms.PC4(8.49%)correlated with leaf thickness(0.71)and stomatal length(-0.85),suggesting a trade-off between leaf thickness and stomatal size regulation.(3)Environmental adaptability rankings,consistent with cluster analysis,based on PCA composite scores,were as follows:Qiqihar(0.98)>Shuyang(0.10)>Baoding(0.06)>Yinchuan(-0.02)>Taiyuan(-0.15)>Hohhot(-0.97).Hierarchical clustering(Euclidean distance=5)grouped the sources into three adaptability categories:Group I(Qiqihar,Shuyang)-high adaptability;Group II(Baoding,Yinchuan,Taiyuan)-moderate adaptability;Group III(Hohhot)-low adaptability.This study clarifies the genetic differentiation in leaf anatomical traits of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus and identifies key adaptive indicators,providing an anatomical basis for selecting superior germplasm in Northeast China and similar ecological regions.It also offers theoretical support for assessing the adaptability of medicinal plants introduced across different geographic areas.关键词
蒙古黄芪/地理种源/叶片解剖结构/环境适应性/抗旱性/主成分分析/聚类分析/核心适应指标/石蜡切片技术Key words
Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus/geographic provenances/leaf anatomical structure/environmental adaptability/drought resistance/principal component analysis/cluster analysis/core adaptive indicators/paraffin sectioning technique分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
郑歆然,常远,王晓飞,吴青松,刘星雨,刘淑霞,肖宇,关向军,张鹏举,王菁菁,胡明..不同地理种源蒙古黄芪叶片解剖结构特征及其环境适应性[J].中国农学通报,2025,41(32):36-45,10.基金项目
黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目"寒地药材种质资源收集、鉴定与评价"(KYYW2025DQ02). （KYYW2025DQ02）
