中国输血杂志2025，Vol.38Issue(11)：1548-1555,8.DOI:10.13303/j.cjbt.issn.1004-549x.2025.11.011
角色理论视角下广州市获奖献血者与初次献血者的特征差异研究
Characteristic differences between award-winning and first-time blood donors in Guangzhou:a role theory perspective
摘要
Abstract
Objective To preliminarily develop a multidimensional blood donor role scale based on role theory and sys-tematically compare the psychosocial characteristic differences between award-winning donors and first-time donors in Guan-gzhou,and to provide an empirical reference for formulating differentiated donor retention strategies.Methods A cross-sec-tional survey design was adopted.A random sample of award-winning donors and concurrently sampled first-time donors yielding 1 361 valid responses collected(721 from the award group,640 from the first-time group).Exploratory factor anal-ysis was used to assess the scale structure.Data were post-stratified and weighted according to the gender and age distribu-tions of the general donor population.Independent samples t-tests,multivariate analysis of covariance(MANCOVA),and generalized linear models were employed to compare dimensional scores between the two groups.A paired t-test was conduc-ted to analyze the annual donation frequency of award-winning donors before and after receiving the award.Results Ex-ploratory factor analysis yielded a 5-factor structure,including Role Identity and Expectations,Role Adaptation and Mainte-nance,Role Environment and Experience,Role Relationships and Conflict,and Role Incentives and Rewards,with a cu-mulative variance contribution rate of 56.43％.The scale demonstrated good internal consistency reliability(Cronbach's α=0.906).Known-group validity test showed that award-winning donors scored significantly higher than first-time donors on Role Identity and Expectations(t=4.366,P<0.001,d=0.240),Role Adaptation and Maintenance(t=5.436,P<0.001,d=0.500),and Role Relationships and Conflict(t=4.844,P<0.001,d=0.220).These differences remained significant after controlling for selected demographic variables(MANCOVA,Wilks'λ=0.943,P<0.001).Generalized linear models suggested that donation frequency was an independent predictor for these dimensions.Additionally,the annual donation frequency of award-winning donors was slightly higher after receiving the award than before(t=2.007,P=0.045).Conclusion The preliminary blood donor role scale demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity and can effec-tively distinguish groups with different donation behavior characteristics.The study reveals that award-winning donors exhibit more positive psychological characteristics across multiple role identity dimensions and maintain their donation behavior after receiving an award.External incentives and internal role identity may jointly contribute to behavioral persistence.The find-ings provide a preliminary reference for further exploring the formation pathways of donor role identity and developing differ-entiated donor retention strategies.关键词
角色理论/已知群体效度/献血者特征/献血行为Key words
role theory/known-groups validity/donor characteristics/blood donation behavior分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
朱艳霞,郑晓晓,陈锦艳,欧阳剑,李丰沛,洪晓春,何彦霖,谢桂芸..角色理论视角下广州市获奖献血者与初次献血者的特征差异研究[J].中国输血杂志,2025,38(11):1548-1555,8.基金项目
广州市科技计划项目(2025A03J3372) （2025A03J3372）
