中国畜牧兽医2025，Vol.52Issue(12)：5637-5650,14.DOI:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.12.010
双羔滩羊母子一体化高效饲养体系的构建
Construction of Mother-lamb Integrated High-efficiency Feeding System for Double-lamb Tan Sheep
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary nutrient levels on the growth performance of double-lamb Tan sheep and their lambs,as well as on the ewe's nutrient apparent digestibility,serum biochemical parameters,milk composition,and rumen microbiota during the peripartum period(from 60 days prepartum to lamb weaning).The aim was to identify the optimal dietary regimen for an integrated ewe-lamb high-efficiency feeding system.[Method]Sixteen healthy,late-pregnancy Tan ewes(2-3 years old)with similar body weight(40.00 kg±2.00 kg)were selected and randomly divided into four groups using a single-factor randomized design,with four ewes per group.Each group was fed one of four pelleted complete diets with different nutrient levels:Group Ⅰ received a basal diet at 100％level(ME 8.00 MJ/kg,CP 13.10％),group Ⅱ at 115％level(ME 9.20 MJ/kg,CP 15.06％),group Ⅲ at 130％level(ME 10.40 MJ/kg,CP 16.93％),and group Ⅳ at 145％level(ME 11.60 MJ/kg,CP 19.00％).The experiment included a 10-day adaptation period followed by a 125-day formal trial.At the end of the experiment,the ewes were weighed.After lambing,the birth weight and average daily gain of the lambs were recorded,and the estrus time of the ewes was also documented.A digestibility and metabolism trial was conducted 15 days before parturition,during which feed,feces,and urine samples were collected to determine the apparent digestibility of nutrients.Venous blood samples were obtained from the ewes at 30 days prepartum,on the day of parturition,and at 30 days postpartum for biochemical analysis.Milk samples were collected on days 1,10,20,30 and 45 postpartum for milk composition determination.Rumen fluid was collected from the ewes 7 days postpartum for metagenomic sequencing.[Result]① Compared with group Ⅰ,final ewe body weight and lamb birth weight were significantly higher in groups Ⅲand Ⅳ(P＜0.05),while lamb weaning age was significantly lower(P＜0.05).No significant differences were observed between groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ for these indices(P＜0.05).② Apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,organic matter,crude fat,neutral detergent fiber,and acid detergent fiber in ewes showed an increasing trend with rising dietary nutrient levels.Digestibility of dry matter,organic matter,and crude fat in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),and crude protein digestibility was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P＜0.05).③ On the day of lambing,serum total cholesterol content in groupⅢ was significantly higher than in group Ⅱ(P＜0.05).At 30 days prepartum,serum triglyceride content in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),serum glucose content in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than in group Ⅰ(P＜0.05),and serum total protein content in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than in group Ⅲ(P＜0.05).All serum parameters under the four diets remained within normal physiological ranges for ewes.④ No significant differences were observed in colostrum and mature milk contents of milk protein,lactose,total solids,or milk urea nitrogen among the groups(P＞0.05).Milk fat content showed an increasing trend with higher nutrient levels.⑤ Rumen microbiota analysis:The Shannon index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ(P＜0.05).Principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure among groups(P＜0.05).At the phylum level,group Ⅲ exhibited a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and a lower abundance of Firmicutes compared to groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P＜0.05).At the genus level,the abundances of unclassified_o_Bacteroidales,Prevotella,and Ruminococcus were significantly higher in group Ⅲthan in groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ(P＜0.05).KEGG(level 3)pathway analysis indicated that group Ⅲhad significantly enriched pathways compared to groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ,including amino acid and nucleotide sugar metabolism,citrate cycle(TCA cycle),other glycan degradation,sphingolipid metabolism,folate biosynthesis,glutathione metabolism,valine/leucine/isoleucine degradation,vitamin B6 metabolism,and glycosaminoglycan degradation(P＜0.05).Furthermore,compared to groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,group Ⅲ showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of glycosyltransferases,glycoside hydrolases,and carbohydrate-active enzymes involved in energy metabolism(P＜0.05).[Conclusion]Under the conditions of this experiment,the optimal dietary nutrient levels of metabolizable energy and crude protein for double-lamb Tan sheep,during the period from 60 days prepartum to lamb weaning,were 10.40 MJ/kg and 16.93％,respectively.关键词
双羔滩羊/生长性能/乳成分/血清生化指标/表观消化率/瘤胃微生物Key words
double-lamb Tan sheep/growth performance/milk composition/serum biochemical parameters/apparent digestibility/rumen microbiota分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张力,杨冲,王倩,刘统高,吴爽,任宇佳,陈玉林,王小龙,周世卫..双羔滩羊母子一体化高效饲养体系的构建[J].中国畜牧兽医,2025,52(12):5637-5650,14.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFE0110700) （2023YFE0110700）
国家自然科学基金(32202646、32272848) （32202646、32272848）
宁夏科技厅重点研发项目(2025BBF01006、2023BCF01005、2024BBF01010) （2025BBF01006、2023BCF01005、2024BBF01010）
陕西重点研发计划(2024NC-YBXM-087) （2024NC-YBXM-087）
国家产业技术体系(CARS-39-03) （CARS-39-03）
