植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(11)：2156-2168,13.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2025042
黄土高原典型县域农田土壤有效磷和磷素利用率的时空变化及主控因素
Temporal and spatial variations and the main driving factors of soil available phosphorus content and the phosphorus use efficiency of the farmland in a typical county in Loess Plateau
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]The objectives are to clarify the characteristics and main driving factor leading to the variation of soil available phosphorus(AP)content and phosphorus use efficiency(PUE)by crops,and provide scientific basis for phosphorus nutrient management in the Loess Plateau.[Methods]Yongji County,located in the southeast Loess Plateau,was selected as the research region.The soil available phosphorus content and the relevant agricultural production data(crop yield,fertilization,livestock and poultry breeding,etc.)of the cultivated land collected in 1983,2008,and 2023,as well as the past 40 years(1983-2022),were gathered.The methods of geostatistics,ArcGIS,Random forest were used to analyze their periodical and spatial variation characteristics in the past 40 years.[Results]Soil AP in the topsoil(0-20 cm)in Yongji County showed a trend of first rapid increase and then slow decrease from 1983 to 2023.The soil AP increased from 4.69 mg/kg in 1983 to 14.56 mg/kg in 2008,and then decreased to 13.37 mg/kg in 2023.The overall pattern of soil AP in 1983 was higher in the central and western regions but lower in the eastern region.Compared to 1983,the soil AP in the eastern region of Yongji County increased significantly in 2008,the farmland AP became higher in the east but lower in the west in 2023.In the past 40 years,chemical phosphorous fertilizer acted as the main source of phosphorus input to farmland,accounting for 74.8%-92.6%of the total phosphorus input in Yongji County.The western region input more phosphorus in the 1980s(1983-1992)and 1990s(1993-2002),with an average input of P2O5 159.0 kg/(hm2·a).During the 2000s(2003-2012)and 2010s(2013-2022),the phosphorus input amount became higher in the central region with the unit area phosphorus input in towns reaching 250.2 kg/(hm2·a).Over the past 40 years,the phosphorus amount taken out of farmlands by crops continuously increased from 10.42 kg/(hm2·a)in 1983 to 25.2 kg/(hm2·a)in 2023.Thus,the PUE showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,the current average annual PUE was 24.03%.In the 1980s,1990s and 2010s,the PUE in the eastern region was higher than that in the central and western regions.Fertilization was the main factor affecting the available phosphorus content in cultivated land in Yongji County,and the relative importance of phosphorus application to the change of soil AP was 44.7%.In addition,the relative importance of elevation,annual rainfall and soil pH for the variation of soil AP were 21.6%,20.8%and 12.9%,respectively.[Conclusions]We suggest that the low phosphorus input towns in the central and western regions(such as Chengxi Town and Puzhou Town)should appropriately apply more phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer to increase the soil available phosphorus content,and the regions with relatively low phosphorus use efficiency(such as Hanyang Town)need to optimize fertilization methods and pay more attention to the rational application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.关键词
黄土高原/永济市/土壤有效磷/磷素利用率/随机森林Key words
Loess Plateau/Yongji County/soil available phosphorus/phosphorus use efficiency/random forest引用本文复制引用
柏凯栋,何宁波,王恒飞,苏欣悦,李建华,徐明岗..黄土高原典型县域农田土壤有效磷和磷素利用率的时空变化及主控因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(11):2156-2168,13.基金项目
山西省重大科技专项计划"揭榜挂帅"项目(202201140601028) （202201140601028）
山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601010). （202102140601010）
