干旱地区农业研究2025，Vol.43Issue(6)：99-109,11.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2025.06.10
氮密互作对旱作马铃薯产量和氮肥利用效率的调控及根系作用机制
Regulation of nitrogen-dense interaction on yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of dryland potatoes and root mechanism
摘要
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the response of root morphology and root activity of dryland potatoes to the interactions of nitrogen application and cultivation density and its effect on yield and nitrogen fertilizer use effi-ciency,and to screen the nitrogen application rate and planting density suitable for potato production in the dryland area of central Gansu.The experiment was conducted during 2023-2024 with three nitrogen gradients(N0:no ni-trogen fertilizer;N2:200 kg·hm-2 nitrogen;N3:300 kg·hm-2 nitrogen)and three cultivation densities(D1:37 500 plants·hm-2;D2:52 500 plants·hm-2;D3:67 500 plants·hm-2).The effects of different nitrogen ap-plication rates and cultivation densities on root morphology,root activity,yield,and nitrogen use efficiency of pota-toes were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the root morphology of potatoes under N2D2 treatment was better than that under other treatments.Compared with other treatments,the root dry weight of potato under N2D2 treatment increased by 9.54%～151.15%and 3.89%～134.41%during tuber swelling and starch accumula-tion stages,respectively,and the root surface area increased by 12.73%～65.08%and 7.37%～91.03%,respec-tively.The root length and root projection area increased significantly by 3.89%～134.41%and 8.92%～72.43%,respectively,during the starch accumulation period.Root volume and root activity increased significantly by 13.89%～63.05%and 10.95%～72.46%,respectively.The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of N2D2 treatment were the highest.Compared with other treatments,the yield in 2023 and 2024 increased by 4.11%～150.32%and 3.94%～169.25%,respectively.The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 6.94%～77.59%and 2.74%～108.56%,and the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 4.12%～94.21%and 3.95%～121.55%,respectively.In summary,the nitrogen application of 200 kg·hm-2 and cultivation density of 52 500 plants·hm-2 could effectively promote root dry mass,root surface area and root volume of potato per plant,enhance root activity,improve root absorption capacity,increase the number of potato per plant,thereby improving potato yield and nitrogen use efficiency.It is a suitable nitrogen-dense interaction cultivation mode in the rainfed central Gansu Province.关键词
马铃薯/氮密互作/根系形态/根系活力/产量/氮肥利用效率Key words
potato/nitrogen-dense interaction/root morphological/root activity/yield/nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
BAO Xiaoyan,MENG Haofeng,LI Lingling,WANG Chunyan,TIAN Xin,WANG Xin,WANG Weiqiang..氮密互作对旱作马铃薯产量和氮肥利用效率的调控及根系作用机制[J].干旱地区农业研究,2025,43(6):99-109,11.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700,2022YFD1900300) （2021YFD1900700,2022YFD1900300）
甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(23JRRA1437) （23JRRA1437）
省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(GSCS-2022-04) （GSCS-2022-04）
甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目(GAU-KYQD-2021-43) （GAU-KYQD-2021-43）
甘肃省教育厅—优秀研究生"创新之星"项目(2023CXZX-650) （2023CXZX-650）
