贵州农业科学2025，Vol.53Issue(12)：42-48,7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2025.12.006
不同采收成熟度对滇西烟区云烟87上部烟叶产质量的影响
Effects of Harvesting at Different Maturity Levels on Yield and Quality of Upper Leaves of Yunyan 87 in Western Yunnan
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The effects of harvesting at different maturity on yield and quality of upper leaves of Yunyan 87 in Western Yunnan were explored to provide the scientific basis for improving the usability of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]The effects of three different harvesting maturity levels of BM1(70%-80%leaf area with yellow green and 1/2 main vein whitening),BM2(80%-90%leaf area with yellow green and＞2/3 main vein whitening)and BM3(90%-100%leaf area with yellow green and 100%main vein whitening)on physical traits,economic traits,chemical composition,appearance quality and sensory quality of upper tobacco leaves of Yunyan 87 planted in Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City in Yunnan Province were analyzed.[Result]The single leaf weight of upper leaves of Yunyan 87 planted in Pu'er City decreased with increase of maturity and the single leaf weight of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM1 of Yunyan 87 planted in Chuxiong Prefecture was less than that of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM1.The fresh/dry ratio of tobacco leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City showed a decline trend with increase of maturity and the reduction proportion of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City at harvesting maturity of BM2 after curing was up to 35.8%and 26.8%.The oil content and thickness of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City at harvesting maturity of BM1 were less and too thin.The appearance performance with loose leaf structure,uniform color and good elasticity of the cured upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM2 and BM3 was better.The first-class leaf proportion and average price of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City at harvesting maturity of BM2 were 81.21%and 42.97%,and 33.85 Yuan/kg and 23.47 Yuan/kg respectively.The middle-class leaf proportion of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM3 and low-class leaf proportion of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM1 from Chuxiong Prefecture were 40.69%and 63.35%respectively.The middle-class leaf proportion of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM1 and low-class leaf proportion of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM3 from Pu'er City were 57.71%and 44.72%separately.With increase of maturity,total nitrogen and potassium content of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City decreased gradually,total vegetable alkaloid showed a decreasing first and then increasing trend and the reducing sugar/total sugar ratio showed an increasing trend.Total water soluble sugar and reducing sugar content of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture increased gradually with increase of maturity.Total water soluble sugar and reducing sugar content of upper leaves from Pu'er City showed an increasing first and then decreasing trend with increase of maturity.The score of style characteristics and quality feature of upper leaves at harvesting maturity of BM2 from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City reached 7.5 and 7.0,and 7.46 and 6.70 respectively.The comprehensive evaluation ranking in sensory quality of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City at three different harvesting maturity was BM2＞BM3＞BM1.The smoking score of upper leaves from Chuxiong Prefecture and Pu'er City at harvesting maturity of BM2 was 7.48 and 6.82 and their sweetness,aroma quality,aroma amount,fineness,softness,mellowness and aftertaste all were at the optimal level.[Conclusion]The yield and quality of cured upper leaves of Yunyan 87 harvested at the maturity level of 80%-90%leaf area with yellow green and＞2/3 main vein whitening both are the best in Western Yunnan.关键词
云烟87/成熟度/上部烟叶/产量/质量Key words
Yunyan 87/maturity/upper leaves/yield/quality分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
CHEN Yaping,ZHANG Ye,HU Xingchuan,WU Zhigao,LU Ping,FANG Jing,LIN Ruinan,HUANG Heming,ZHENG Haoyu,LIU Yinan,LI Jiajia..不同采收成熟度对滇西烟区云烟87上部烟叶产质量的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2025,53(12):42-48,7.基金项目
福建中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(FJZYKJJH2022YB010) （FJZYKJJH2022YB010）
