山东理工大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.40Issue(2)：16-20,5.
空间目标公开TLE根数的时效性分析
Timeliness analysis of open TLE for space targets
摘要
Abstract
The United States provides the largest collection of orbital data for space objects in TLE(Two Line Element)format,available for global users to download.As fundamental data for space situational awareness research,it is significant to analyze TLE data update frequency for evaluating its space surveil-lance capabilities,however,research on its timeliness remains relatively insufficient.Based on public TLE data from January 2024 to January 2025,this study systematically analyzes the update frequency and statistical characteristics of space objects at different orbital altitudes.The study finds that the average up-date interval for Low Earth Orbit satellites is 0.524 d,for Medium Earth Orbit satellites is 0.950 d,and for High Orbit Non-synchronous Satellites is 1.262 d,showing a significant positive correlation with orbit attitude.Although geosynchronous satellites are in high orbit,their average update interval is significantly shorter(0.760 d).The update frequencies of the four major navigation satellite systems show significant differences:GLONASS(0.857 d)and GPS(0.958 d)have higher update frequency than Beidou(0.981 d)and Galileo(1.597 d).The results indicate that the US space surveillance system has var-ying monitoring capabilities for objects in different orbits,which is of significant reference value for evalu-ating its space situational awareness capacity.关键词
空间目标/TLE数据/时效性/导航卫星/空间态势感知Key words
space objects/TLE data/timeliness/navigation satellite/space situational awareness分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
LAO Zhendi,ZHAO Xianglei,CHEN Xingshuo,LEI Xiangxu..空间目标公开TLE根数的时效性分析[J].山东理工大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,40(2):16-20,5.基金项目
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2023MD098) （ZR2023MD098）
大地测量与地球动力学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLGED2024-3-5) （SKLGED2024-3-5）
山东省高等学校"青创团队计划"项目(2022KJ224) （2022KJ224）
