中国土壤与肥料Issue(11)：50-60,11.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.25075
氮磷钾配施与钾肥用量对棉花养分吸收和产量效益的影响
Effects of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ration and potash dosage on growth and development and yield efficiency of cotton
摘要
Abstract
This experiment studied the influence of fertilization and potassium fertilizer dosage treatments on cotton yield and benefit,nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization rate,and explored the yield,benefit and appropriate potassium application of fertilization in test cotton fields,so as to provide a basis for rational fertilization of cotton in Wusu city.In 2023 and 2024,field positioning experiments were carried out in the cotton test base in Toutai township,Wusu city,Xinjiang.Seven treatments were set up,including N2P2K2(N 240 kg/hm2,P2O5 101 kg/hm2 and K2O 120 kg/hm2);N0P2K2(N 0 kg/hm2,P2O5 101 kg/hm2 and K2O 120 kg/hm2);N2P0K2(N 240 kg/hm2,P2O5 0 kg/hm2 and K2O 120 kg/hm2);N2P2K0(N 240 kg/hm2,P2O5 101 kg/hm2 and K2O 0 kg/hm2);The amount of potash fertilizer used in N2P2K1,N2P2K3 and N2P2K4 treatments were 0.5,1.5 and 2 times that of N2P2K2 treatment,respectively,while the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer was the same as that in N2P2K2 treatment.Compared with the N0P2K2,N2P0K2 and N2P2K0 treatments,the two-year average yield and income of N2P2K2 treatment were significantly increased by 36.93%,30.71%,29.50%and 15439,13515 and 12924 Yuan/hm2,respectively.The apparent utilization rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by cotton were 40.86%,21.35%and 49.65%,respectively,agricultural efficiency was 9.47,19.62 and 15.99 kg/kg,respectively;partial productivity was 35.10,83.45 and 70.20 kg/kg,respectively.When the application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were 240,101 and 120 kg/hm2,respectively,the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium absorbed per 100 kg of seed cotton was 3.90,0.59 and 4.58 kg for each 100 kg of seed cotton,respectively.When the potassium amount was 0-120 kg/hm2,the yield,output and net income were increased significantly with the increase of potassium application,and when the potassium amount was higher than 120 kg/hm2,the effect was not significant.The apparent utilization rate of the agricultural efficiency and partial productivity were decreased when the amount of potassium was 120 kg/hm2.According to the potassium fertilizer effect equation,the maximum annual average yield was 126.18 and 120.78 kg/hm2,respectively,and the corresponding yield was 8358 and 8355 kg/hm2,respectively.The optimal amount of potash fertilizer could save 4.27%under the condition of ensuring no cotton yield reduction(99.96%of the highest yield).The application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were significantly increased the amount of cotton nutrients,thus increasing cotton yield and improving economic benefits.The yield increase rate of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was 36.93%,30.71%and 29.50%,respectively.Potassium application significantly improved cotton nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization rate,and achieved the effect of increasing cotton production and income.Considering the results of the two-year experiment,it was recommended that the suitable potassium application rate of the local cotton field was 120.78 kg/hm2,which was operable.It was suggested that long-term positioning experiments or cross-regional validation studies could be supplemented in the future to explore the effects of continuous potassium application on soil potassium pool and the applicability of recommended potassium fertilizer dosages in different regions.关键词
棉花/施肥/钾肥用量/产量效益/养分吸收/肥料利用率Key words
cotton/fertilization/potash fertilizer/yield benefit/nutrient absorption/fertilizer utilization引用本文复制引用
TIAN Meng-ju,ZHU Jie,ZHANG Yan,HALIHASHI Yibati,LI Chun-ping,FAN Lin-xin,ZHOU Han-xiao,LI Shi-yuan,WU Chen-xue,KUANG Ling-yan..氮磷钾配施与钾肥用量对棉花养分吸收和产量效益的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(11):50-60,11.基金项目
农田智慧施肥项目(05) （05）
农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202104). （25107020-202104）
