中国土壤与肥料Issue(11)：79-89,11.DOI:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.25097
养分优化管理对洱海流域小农户甜玉米产量、养分吸收及环境经济效益的影响
Effects of optimal nutrient management on yield,nutrient uptake and environmental-economic benefits of small-holder-led sweet corn in the Erhai Basin
摘要
Abstract
The aimed to clarify the effects of nutrient optimization management on yield,nutrient absorption and environmental and economic benefits of sweet corn,and to provide scientific basis for increasing yield,increasing efficiency and reducing emission of sweet corn in Erhai Lake Basin.A total of 19 field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nutrient optimization management on yield,nutrient accumulation and nutrient use efficiency of sweet corn,and to reveal the key factors affecting the yield of sweet corn.The nutrient optimization management treatments(N,P2O5 and K2O inputs were 234,56 and 110 kg/hm2,respectively)were designed,and the farmer practices were used as the control.Secondly,the life cycle assessment method was used to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impact indicators such as active nitrogen loss,acidification potential and eutrophication potential in the production process of sweet corn.Finally,the cost,benefit and net profit of sweet corn production were evaluated.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the farmer practices treatment,the average yield of nutrient optimization management treatment increased by 14.3%,and the utilization efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer increased by 31.6%,134.2%and 102.5%on average,respectively.Nutrient optimization management treatment significantly increased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in sweet corn(P<0.05),with an average increase of 2.1%,27.4%and 17.9%at silking stage,and an average increase of 6.9%,22.3%and 16.0%at milk stage,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the yield of sweet corn was significantly positively correlated with dry matter accumulation after silking,nitrogen absorption at milk stage and nitrogen absorption after silking(r=0.803-0.916,P<0.01).(2)Nutrient optimization management treatment significantly reduced the loss of active nitrogen,acidification potential and eutrophication potential of sweet corn,which decreased by 65.6%,57.5%and 62.1%,respectively(P<0.01),mainly reducing the impact of farmland fertilization stage on the environment.(3)The cost-benefit analysis showed that the nutrient optimized management treatment significantly reduced the input cost of sweet corn production(-6 thousand Yuan/hm2),and increased the income(+48 thousand Yuan/hm2)and net profit(+11 thousand Yuan/hm2).Therefore,this study suggests that in the production of sweet corn dominated by small farmers in Erhai Lake Basin,the application of nitrogen 234 kg/hm2,phosphorus(P2O5)56 kg/hm2,potassium(K2O)110 kg/hm2,and the use of new fertilizers for corn can improve the yield,nutrient absorption and environmental and economic benefits of sweet corn,which can be used as the recommended nutrient management scheme for sweet corn planting in Erhai Lake Basin.关键词
洱海流域/甜玉米/肥料优化/产量/环境-经济效益Key words
Erhai Basin/sweet maize/fertilizer optimization/yield/environmental-economic benefits引用本文复制引用
LV Zhi-bing,CONG Wen-feng,TIAN Zi-ming,YING Fei-yu,HUO Yue-wen,CHEN Cong,HU Xiao-kang,ZHAO Zheng-xiong,ZHANG Fu-suo,YUAN Xiang-yang..养分优化管理对洱海流域小农户甜玉米产量、养分吸收及环境经济效益的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2025,(11):79-89,11.基金项目
云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090034) （202202AE090034）
云南省新型研发机构培育对象洱海流域农业绿色发展研究院(202304BQ040005) （202304BQ040005）
云南省张福锁院士工作站(202305AF150055). （202305AF150055）
