中国水产科学2025，Vol.32Issue(9)：1284-1299,16.DOI:10.12264/JFSC2025-0084
盐碱水和淡水养殖条件下虹鳟营养成分的差异
Study on nutrition differences of rainbow trout under saline-alkali water and fresh water culture conditions
摘要
Abstract
This study compared the nutritional composition of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)reared in saline-alkali water and freshwater.Water quality parameters were measured in both environments,and muscle samples were analyzed for proximate composition(moisture,ash,protein,crude fat),amino acids,and fatty acid composition and content in rainbow trout and Gansu golden trout(an albino of rainbow trout)in different conditions.Principal component analysis and Cluster analysis were used to evaluate the amino acid and fatty acid profiles.The results showed no significant differences in ash or protein content between saline-alkaline water and freshwater cultured rainbow trout and Gansu golden trout.The crude fat content of RTS(rainbow trout in saline-alkaline water)and GTS(Gansu golden trout in saline-alkaline water)was significantly higher than that of RTF(rainbow trout in freshwater)and GTF(Gansu golden trout in freshwater)(P<0.05).Sevetneen amino acids were quantified.The total amino acid content of rainbow trout and golden trout in freshwater aquaculture was(51.08±4.13)%and(60.01±0.65)%,respectively,which were significantly higher than that in saline-alkali water aquaculture group.The amino acid score of Gansu golden trout in fresh water was the highest at 69.87,and that of rainbow trout in fresh water was the lowest at 65.80.All four groups were high quality protein sources.28 kinds of fatty acids were detected in all test groups,among which the monounsaturated fatty acids of rainbow trout and Gansu golden trout farmed in fresh water were significantly higher than those in saltwater farmed groups,while the polyunsaturated fatty acids of rainbow trout and Gansu golden trout in saltwater were significantly higher than those in fresh water groups at(42.917±0.016)%and(47.802±0.021)%,respectively(P<0.05).Principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods show that fatty acids can effectively distinguish between rainbow trout and Gansu golden trout from different environments.Overall,freshwater culture produced trout with superior amino acid content and protein quality,making them preferable for high-protein diets.In contrast,saline-alkaline-cultured trout exhibited higher fat content and richer PUFA profiles,offering potential cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory benefits.Fatty acid analysis serves as a reliable biomarker for differentiating aquaculture environments.These findings suggest that while freshwater conditions optimize protein quality,saline-alkaline aquaculture enhances lipid nutritional value.Future research should explore the mechanisms behind these differences.It provides theoretical support for the comprehensive evaluation of the nutritional quality of saline-alkaline aquatic products and for strengthening their branding for marketing.关键词
虹鳟/氨基酸/脂肪酸/主成分分析/聚类分析/盐碱水Key words
Oncorhynchus mykiss/amino acids/fatty acids/principal component analysis/cluster analysis/saline-alkli water分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
YANG Zhuoyu,ZHANG Yanping,GE Wenlong,YOU Hongzheng,SHI Xiaoning,SU Zijun,JIAO Wenlong,ZHOU Fengqi..盐碱水和淡水养殖条件下虹鳟营养成分的差异[J].中国水产科学,2025,32(9):1284-1299,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2401000) （2023YFD2401000）
甘肃省技术创新引导计划项目(24CXNA036) （24CXNA036）
甘肃省重大专项-农业类项目(23ZDNA003). （23ZDNA003）
