创新科技2025，Vol.25Issue(12)：21-35,15.DOI:10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2025.12.3
科技现代化如何引领和支撑国家现代化的发展
How Science and Technology Modernization Leads and Supports National Modernization:Historical Lessons from Germany,the United States,and Japan
摘要
Abstract
The modernization of science and technology leads and supports the development of national modernization.The experience of international science and technology modernization can provide reference and inspiration for China's science and technology modernization con-struction.This article adopts the method of historical research to study the law of the develop-ment of science and technology modernization and its leading and supporting role in national modernization.It mainly includes two aspects of research content:First,it clarifies the connota-tion of science and technology modernization.From a historical perspective,it categorizes the evolution of science and technology modernization into three distinct stages.It defines science and technology modernization as the institutional arrangement,organizational form,and material basis that promote the development and application of scientific and technological frontiers or align with the prevailing trends in these fields.It emphasizes that science and technology mod-ernization is not only the improvement of the level of science and technology,but also a multi-dimensional systematic reconstruction of institutions,organizations,occupations,infrastructure,internationalization,and governance.Furthermore,it points out that science and technology mod-ernization and national modernization interact in terms of demand proposal,supply conditions,and power generation.Second,it discusses the development of science and technology modern-ization in Germany,the United States,and Japan in history and its leading and supporting role in national modernization.In the 19th century,Germany achieved the institutional combination of science,education,and industry through Humboldt's reform of the university,the development of technical schools,the establishment of internal laboratories and patent systems in enterprises,and led Germany to become a modernized country.Since its founding,the United States has pro-moted industrialization through technological innovation and has achieved great development from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century.After World War Ⅱ,the federal govern-ment took on the main responsibility for advancing science and technology.It strongly supported basic research and cutting-edge technology.The development of dual-use technology,which serves both military and civilian purposes,contributed to the economic prosperity after the war and greatly enhanced the national strength and international status of the United States.Japan,after the Meiji Restoration,embraced the principles of"civilization and enlightenment"and"Japanese spirit and Western talent",and took the path of"introduction—digestion—improve-ment—innovation"in science and technology.After World War Ⅱ,it successively implemented strategies such as"trade-based nation","technology-based nation","science and technology-based nation",and"science and technology and innovation",and transformed from a follower into an innovative country.The research shows that the role of science and technology modern-ization in promoting national modernization is manifested in:leading the strategic direction of na-tional development;promoting economic transformation and industrial structure;improving na-tional competitiveness and international status;promoting the modernization of the education sys-tem and talent supply;improving the governance capacity of the country.The path choices of the three countries are different,and the experiences to be learned include the following aspects:the leading role of scientific and technological values must be emphasized;science and technology modernization must be combined with national strategic goals;education is the foundation of sci-ence and technology modernization and national modernization development;the modernization of the innovation system is the driving force of national modernization;the leading role of the gov-ernment in important periods of national development;institutional modernization is the guaran-tee of science and technology modernization and national modernization.关键词
科技现代化/国家现代化/德国/美国/日本/科技价值观/创新体系/制度现代化Key words
modernization of science and technology/national modernization/Germany/the United States/Japan/technology values/innovation system/modernization of institutions分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
樊春良,李慧敏..科技现代化如何引领和支撑国家现代化的发展[J].创新科技,2025,25(12):21-35,15.基金项目
国家社会科学基金资助项目. （）
