环境与职业医学2025，Vol.42Issue(11)：1336-1341,6.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25047
基于限制性立方样条分析外卖配送员职业倦怠影响因素及预测模型构建
Influencing factors and predictive model construction for occupational burnout among take-away deliveryman based on restricted cubic spline analysis
摘要
Abstract
[Background]With the rapid development of the food delivery industry,take-away deliverymen become an essential component of urban logistics.However,high labor intensity,unstable in-come,and extended working hours place them at considerable risk of occupational burnout.Available studies have paid insufficient attention to the mental health of this population,and ef-fective predictive or preventive approaches remain limited. [Objective]To understand the status of occupational burnout among take-away deliverymen,identify influencing factors based on re-stricted cubic spline analysis,and develop a predictive model to provide a theoretical basis for improving their mental health. [Methods]A cross-sectional survey was conducted among full-time take-away deliverymen registered to the"Ele.me"and"Meituan"platforms in Hangzhou between September 1 and November 30,2024,using both online and offline approaches.A questionnaire covered sociodemographic,household,and occupational information,and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey were used in this sur-vey.Univariate analyses and logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with burnout and to construct a predictive mod-el.Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve.Furthermore,restricted cubic spline was used to further explore the relationship between age,working hours,and occupational burnout. [Results]Among the 1192 participants,735(61.66%)experienced occupational burnout.The logistic regression model indicated that older age(OR=1.021,P=0.010),educational attainment of college level or above compared to junior high school or below,(OR=2.837,P<0.001),and longer daily working hours(OR=1.081,P=0.001)were positively associated with occupational burnout.In contrast,work experience of 3-5 years(OR=0.666,P=0.016)and more than 5 years(OR=0.382,P<0.001)compared to those with<3 years,as well as providing three social insurances(OR=0.655,P=0.006)or five social insurances(OR=0.478,P<0.001)compared to those without any social insurances coverage,were negatively associated with occupational burnout.The predictive model based on these variables achieved an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.783(95%CI:0.756～0.809),and good agreement between calibration curves.The restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that the risk of occupational burnout was highest among delivery workers aged 33-46 years.Those with daily working hours between 3.5 and 8.1 h had a lower risk,while the risk significantly increased when working hours exceeded 8.1 h per day. [Conclusion]The prevalence of reporting occupational burnout among take-away deliverymen in Hangzhou is high.The developed pre-dictive model provides valuable insights for the prevention and control of burnout in this population.Measures such as optimizing social security systems,rational work schedule allocation,and enhancing psychological support may help reduce occupational burnout among take-away deliverymen.关键词
限制性立方样条/职业倦怠/外卖配送员/影响因素/预测模型Key words
restricted cubic spline/occupational burnout/take-away deliveryman/influencing factor/predictive model分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
葛波,沈卓霖,郑永韬,徐迪伟,倪作为,蒋龙芳,王岩梅..基于限制性立方样条分析外卖配送员职业倦怠影响因素及预测模型构建[J].环境与职业医学,2025,42(11):1336-1341,6.基金项目
上海中医药大学课程建设项目(JX231135N) （JX231135N）
