棉花学报2025，Vol.37Issue(5)：361-374,14.DOI:10.11963/cs20250039
中亚引进213份陆地棉种质资源遗传多样性分析和优异资源筛选
Genetic diversity analysis and screening of elite germplasm resources in 213 introduced Gossypium hirsutum accessions from Central Asia
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of morphological traits,yield,and fiber quality characteristics in introduced upland cotton resources so as to provide references for the exploration and utilization of superior germplasm.[Methods]A total of213 Gossypium hirsutum accessions introduced from Central Asia were planted in Aksu,Xinjiang,from 2023 to 2024.Twenty-six traits were measured.Through analysis of the coefficient of variation and genetic diversity index,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and comprehensive evaluation,superior germplasms were identified and screened.[Results]The genetic diversity indices of 13 traits(plant type,stem color,main stem hardness,stem hair number,leaf color,corolla color,anther color,style length,fruiting branch type,boll arrangement,boll type,ease of boll opening,and color of short fiber)ranged from 0.09 to 1.04.For the other 13 traits(growth period,plant height,first fruiting branches node,number of fruiting branches per plant,number of bolls per plant,boll weight,lint percentage,seed index,upper half mean length,uniformity index,breaking tenacity,breaking elongation,and micronaire),the coefficients of variation ranged from 1.37％to 19.20％,and the genetic diversity indices ranged from 1.85 to 2.11.Among them,the genetic diversity indices of 12 traits were greater than 2.Plant height showed highly significant or significant positive correlations with the number of fruiting branches per plant and lint percentage.Boll weight was significantly positively correlated with seed index,upper half mean length,and uniformity index.Cluster analysis classified the materials into six major groups at a Euclidean distance of 9.5.Groups Ⅱ and Ⅵ exhibited superior overall performance.From these two groups,31 materials met the Type Ⅲ fiber quality standard,and one material met the Type Ⅱ standard.Group Ⅱ contained the highest number of resources with high boll weight(≥ 7 g).Principal component analysis extracted five principal components,with a cumulative contribution rate of 73.522％.The top ten materials based on comprehensive evaluation scores were 13TJ272 selected line,13TJ186 selected line,Jimian 5,13TJ111 selected line,12TJ11 selected line,17W1-17,12TJ15 selected line 1,13TJ229 selected line,17W1-3,and 13TJ207.[Conclusion]The 213 introduced upland cotton resources exhibit relatively rich genetic diversity.Ten materials with high comprehensive scores were screened,which can serve as genetic improvement materials for breeding new upland cotton varieties.关键词
陆地棉/种质资源/中亚/遗传多样性/聚类分析/主成分分析/优异资源筛选Key words
upland cotton/germplasm resources/Central Asia/genetic diversity/cluster analysis/principal component analysis/elite resource screening引用本文复制引用
李雪瑞,杨延龙,马艳明,马君..中亚引进213份陆地棉种质资源遗传多样性分析和优异资源筛选[J].棉花学报,2025,37(5):361-374,14.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划)(2022E01029) （上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划）
国家科技部、财政部国家作物种质资源库项目(NICGR2023-029) （NICGR2023-029）
新疆维吾尔自治区种业发展专项(NZJ2023) （NZJ2023）
