南方建筑Issue(12)：97-105,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0232.2025.12.010
学术史视野下的岭南传统园林研究:风格与流派(1926～2000)
The History of Academic Research on Lingnan Traditional Landscape Architecture:Styles and Schools,1926～2000
摘要
Abstract
This study traces the development of research conducted on Lingnan traditional landscape architecture during the period 1926 to 2000,mapping the history of this field of academic inquiry.The evolution of the term"Lingnan Garden"into"Lingnan Landscape Architecture"as well as the academic classification of"Lingnan Landscape Architecture"as one of three style schools of classical Chinese gardens are discussed.Research results drawing on contributions to architecture,archaeology,and landscape architecture are summarized and compared by combining systematic literature retrieval,disciplinary comparison,and historiographical analysis.These results disclose the generation mechanism and epistemic logic of Lingnan traditional landscape architecture in China's academic system in the 20th century. The academic history of Lingnan traditional landscape architecture from 1926 to 2000 can be divided into three stages: (1)1926～1949:Academic Germination.Influenced by the formation of China's modern disciplinary system and the intellectual movement of"Xixue Dongjian"(the eastward spread of Western learning),Lingnan landscape architecture first entered the national narrative of Chinese landscape history as a local supplement.In this stage,studies mainly relied on architectural records and local gazetteers;the studies were fragmentary and largely descriptive in nature.Although scholars such as Tong Yumin and Ye Guangdu did not systematically address Lingnan landscape architecture,their comprehensive treatises already included the Lingnan region in the geographical vision of Chinese garden studies,providing important bibliographical clues for subsequent researchers.The establishment of the course"Fengzhi Yuanyixue(the art of ornamental horticulture)"at Lingnan Agricultural Science University marked the inception of landscape education in Lingnan.However,an independent research tradition had not taken shape yet. (2)1949～1978:Accumulation and exploration.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the systematic construction of the landscape architecture discipline advanced,and surveys of ancient architecture and gardens in Lingnan region were carried out gradually.The field investigations by Xia Changshi and Mo Bozhi,later compiled into Lingnan Garden,constituted a landmark achievement at this stage.Although it wasn't published at the time,the authors'accumulated data and academic framing lay a foundation for systematic study on Lingnan landscape architecture.In marking the foundation of Guangdong Society of Landscape Architecture,Linxi's presentation for the Society's opening ceremony in 1962 used both the term"Lingnan Garden"and the term"Lingnan landscape architecture"on the official and academic levels for the first time.Linxi also discussed the"inheritance and creation of Lingnan landscape style".This event symbolized a transition from empirical description to theoretical and practical discussion.Research at this stage reveals three major characteristics:(1)the emergence of academic self-awareness,marking a shift from local experience to systematic theorization;(2)the preliminary formation of stylistic consciousness,with the"Lingnan landscape architecture"being proposed as a regional aesthetic concept;and(3)methodological openness,with an emphasis on incorporating both domestic and foreign landscape insights vis-à-vis traditional heritage while exploring the modernization and localization of Lingnan landscape architectures.Although relevant studies were interrupted by the Cultural Revolution,the academic vocabularies and stylistic consciousness established in this period laid an important foundation for subsequent studies. (3)1979～2000:Systematization and consensus formation.After the implementation of reforms and the nation's opening-up policy,China reconstructed the discipline of landscape architecture,leading to a surge of research on Lingnan landscape architecture.In the 1980s,Liu Guanping et al.systematically articulated its characteristics in terms of climatic adaptation,material application,spatial composition,and artistic expression,thereby advancing research from fragmentary description to theoretical analysis.In the 1990s,in the History of Chinese Classical Gardens,Zhou Weiquan explicitly proposed"Lingnan Landscape Architecture"as one of three major classical landscape styles in China together with"Gardens in South China"and"Gardens in North China".This classification symbolized the official recognition of the Lingnan landscape architecture school as a field of academic study.Thereafter,the concept of"Lingnan landscape architecture"became a core concept of textbooks,academic history,and pedagogical systems.Research on Lingnan landscape architecture gradually achieved institutionalization and intellectual systematization.Meanwhile,archaeological discoveries and field surveys continuously expanded the spatial and temporal dimensions of research,and scholars engaged in multidimensional discussions of stylistic features,typological structures,and cultural meanings. Generally speaking,research on Lingnan landscape architectures from 1926 to 2000 reveals three key trends:1)Regional academicization,whereby Lingnan landscape architecture generally developed from local experiences to an important component of China's national academic discourse.2)Terminological and stylistic institutionalization,whereby the term of"Lingnan Garden"evolved into"Lingnan Landscape Architecture"and gained recognizable status in the academic and educational systems.3)Diversification of research methodologies,whereby the multidisciplinary crossing of architecture,archaeology,and landscape architecture deepened the theoretical foundation for studies on Lingnan landscape architecture. From the theoretical perspective,the evolution of research on Lingnan traditional landscape architecture not only reflects the transformation of Chinese landscape science in the 20th century from localized empirical studies to systematic analysis,but also highlights the establishment of regional cultural subjectivity within the national academic framework.Lingnan landscape architecture achieved academicization and the institutionalization of local knowledge by forming its own conceptual framework,analytical methods,and evaluation system.It becomes a typical case for the diversified development of the Chinese landscape architecture knowledge system,shedding light on the formation mechanisms of different Chinese landscape architectural style schools and the academic establishment of regional culture.关键词
岭南传统园林/学术史/风格与流派/中国古典园林Key words
Lingnan traditional landscape architecture/academic history/styles and schools/classical Chinese landscape architecture分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
陆琦,刘国维..学术史视野下的岭南传统园林研究:风格与流派(1926～2000)[J].南方建筑,2025,(12):97-105,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978275):基于文化地理学的岭南汉民系传统聚落景观的特征、区划与机制研究. （51978275）
