煤田地质与勘探2025，Vol.53Issue(12)：100-115,16.DOI:10.12363/issn.1001-1986.25.06.0421
玄武岩封存CO2的独特性及其前景
Uniqueness and prospects of CO2 sequestration in basalts
摘要
Abstract
[Objective and Method]CO2 sequestration in basalts offers advantages such as permanent carbonation and elevated safety.Based on literature review and case studies,this study compared the CO2 sequestration performance of basalts,clastic rocks,and carbonate rocks.Accordingly,the pros and cons of technologies for CO2 sequestration in these rocks were determined,and the dominant mechanisms underlying the CO2 sequestration were identified.By revealing the characteristics of CO2 sequestration in the three rock types based on representative projects and tests,this study con-ducted a comparative analysis of the mechanisms,conditions,technologies,potential,and siting for CO2 sequestration in the three rock types.[Results and Conclusions]CO2 sequestration in basalts was dominated by mineral trapping.Spe-cifically,the abundant Fe2+,Ca2+,and Mg2+ions in basalts can rapidly react with CO2 to form stable carbonate minerals,offering the advantages of long-term and stable CO2 sequestration.A representative project is CarbFix of Iceland,which injects acidic solutions formed by CO2 dissolution in water into basalt strata to simulate and accelerate the natural weath-ering process of basalts.Regarding siting for CO2 sequestration in basalts,it is necessary to avoid tectonically unstable areas such as seismic zones and active faults.Given that basalts are extensively distributed globally and that their tight structures and structural trapping can reduce the CO2 leakage risk,CO2 sequestration in basalts exhibits significantly el-evated safety and permanence compared to traditional methods.Nevertheless,this technology faces three key challenges:huge water consumption,geological complexity,and low sequestration efficiency.Regarding water consumption,25 t of freshwater is required when injecting 1 t of CO2 using a traditional method,exacerbating resource conflicts in regions with water scarcity and incurring high costs of water transfer.Although seawater acts as a potential alternative,it is prone to cause pipeline corrosion and formation clogging due to its high salinity,with resulting environmental risks re-maining poorly understood.In terms of geological complexity,the uneven distribution of fractures and pores in basalts leads to significant differences in CO2 diffusion and mineral trapping efficiency while also potentially increasing the CO2 leakage risk.However,existing geological modeling techniques are insufficient for the accurate prediction of actual con-ditions.Regarding sequestration efficiency,carbonate minerals generated from mineral trapping in basalts will cover the surfaces of active minerals,reducing reaction rates and creating a passivation effect.This issue can be mitigated by in-jecting nanocatalysts or using ultrasound-assisted techniques.关键词
CO2地质封存/玄武岩/永久固碳/矿化封存/碳中和Key words
geologic CO2 sequestration/basalt/permanent carbonation/mineral trapping/carbon neutrality分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
胡晨林,桑树勋,李鑫,芮振华,刘世奇,王子强,谢安,于欢..玄武岩封存CO2的独特性及其前景[J].煤田地质与勘探,2025,53(12):100-115,16.基金项目
国家科技重大专项课题(2024ZD1406001) （2024ZD1406001）
国家自然科学基金项目(42462019) （42462019）
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划(2024B01017-2) （2024B01017-2）
新疆"天山英才"青年科技拔尖人才支持项目(2023TSYCCX0006) （2023TSYCCX0006）
