实验技术与管理2025，Vol.42Issue(11)：1-13,13.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2025.11.001
质谱分析技术在环境新污染物研究中的应用与进展
Application and progress of mass spectrometry in the research of environmental emerging contaminants
摘要
Abstract
[Significance]Emerging contaminants(ECs)pose potential risks to human health and the environment and have thus gained increasing attention.As essential groundwork,the screening and identification of emerging contaminants(ECs)and their transformation products(TPs)in environmental samples provide crucial data for the risk assessment and management of ECs.Mass spectrometry,an analytical technique with robust qualitative and quantitative analytical capabilities,has emerged as an indispensable and pivotal tool in the investigation of ECs.Various mass spectrometry techniques afford distinct technical advantages and have different application domains.Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography(LC-MS/MS)or gas chromatography(GC-MS/MS)offers high sensitivity and accuracy and is currently the gold standard for the targeted analysis of ECs.High-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)exhibits outstanding qualitative analysis capabilities.Combined with efficient data acquisition and processing methods,HRMS can enable the large-scale screening of ECs and identification of TPs.Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)has emerged as a prominent tool for monitoring pollutants and assessing the toxicity of substances.MSI is used to directly map the distribution of pollutants in environmental samples or tissues and observe the changes in the endogenous compounds caused by pollutants.Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry is used to analyze the relative abundance and isotopic ratios of stable isotopes of bioelements such as carbon(δ13C),nitrogen(δ15N),hydrogen(δ2H/D/Hn),and oxygen(δ18O),providing new insight into the origin of ECs and related transformation processes.[Progress]GC-MS/MS is widely used for the targeted quantitative analysis of volatile and semi-volatile organic pollutants(non-polar and semi-polar compounds)such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),organophosphate flame retardants(OPFRs),phthalate plasticizers(PAEs),and pesticides.GC-MS/MS methods combined with pyrolysis,thermal desorption,and thermogravimetric techniques are emerging approaches for studying additives in microplastics.Compared with GC-MS/MS,LC-MS/MS is more widely used for the targeted quantitative analysis of organic pollutants,including most polar compounds such as perfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),antibiotics,pesticides,and PPCPs.Quantitative detection limits of 0.01 ng/L or lower can be achieved for numerous ECs by coupling GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS with sample preprocessing techniques such as solid-phase extraction(SPE)and solid-phase microextraction(SPME).Additionally,the simultaneous analysis of hundreds of compounds can be achieved with one instrumental analysis method.Targeted and non-targeted HRMS analysis of suspected pollutants is gaining increasing attention because these methods do not require analytical standards of the pollutants.This maximizes the ability to identify new pollutants or TPs in environmental samples,providing important information for environmental risk assessment.Notably,machine learning and deep learning combined with HRMS have facilitated substantial advancements in the scope and depth of pollutant screening and identification.As an emerging technique that integrates HRMS with high-spatial-resolution imaging,MSI offers a novel scientific approach for studying the toxicological effects of new pollutants,including pesticides,plasticizers,industrial chemicals,and PPCPs,as well as for in situ monitoring of environmental samples.Several studies in the field of pollutant toxicology research presented direct enrichment and distribution images of pollutants in organisms or plants,exemplified by the distribution of neonicotinoids in bees.Compound-specific isotope analysis(CSIA)enables the determination of the isotope ratios of individual compounds within a mixture through the online coupling of gas chromatography or liquid chromatography with isotope ratio mass spectrometry.CSIA is an important technique for identifying the origin of organic pollutants in the environment as well as for elucidating their transformation processes and degradation pathways.The research targets studied using CSIA include halides(trichloroethylene,hexachlorocyclohexane,polychlorinated biphenyls,polybrominated diphenyl ethers,etc.),pesticides(insecticides and herbicides),benzene series(phenol,aniline,etc.),PAEs,PAHs,and PFCs,where GC-IRMS has been more widely applied to halides and pesticides.There is room for further expansion of the development and application scope of LC-IRMS methods for analyzing polar pollutants.[Conclusions and Prospects]In conclusion,various types of mass spectrometry techniques,offering unique advantages,have become irreplaceable tools in the environmental research field.With the development of instrumental hardware,software,and databases,the role of mass spectrometry in the detection,screening,toxicological assessment,and analysis of ECs,as well as in monitoring their transformation,will become increasingly important.Mass spectrometry provides important data for supporting the toxicity and risk assessment of ECs and offers significant assistance for the governmental regulation of ECs.关键词
新污染物/质谱分析/三重四极杆质谱/高分辨质谱/质谱成像/稳定同位素质谱Key words
emerging contaminants/mass spectrometry/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry/high-resolution mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry imaging/stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
姜晓满,李亚可,李玉环..质谱分析技术在环境新污染物研究中的应用与进展[J].实验技术与管理,2025,42(11):1-13,13.基金项目
北京师范大学2022年度"一体两翼"研究课题(2022ZHB07) （2022ZHB07）
