水土保持学报2025，Vol.39Issue(6)：139-151,13.DOI:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2025.06.002
人类活动加剧三峡库区湿地景观破碎化
Human Activities Intensify Wetland Landscape Fragmentation in Three Gorges Reservoir Area
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Current research on the dynamic changes of wetland landscape patterns and their coupling effects with multidimensional driving factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir area remains relatively insufficient.This study aims to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal variation patterns of wetland landscape and their driving mechanisms in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,thereby overcoming the limitations of traditional research in dynamic tracking and interaction effect quantification.[Methods]Based on multi-source remote sensing images from 1980 to 2020 in the reservoir area,transition matrices,standard deviational ellipses,and landscape indices were combined to reveal the evolutionary characteristics of wetlands.A geodetector model was used to quantitatively assess the driving contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to wetland changes and their interaction effects.[Results]1)From 1980 to 2020,wetland areas in the Three Gorges Reservoir area decreased by 154.59 km2.Among artificial wetlands,paddy fields decreased by 7.82%,while reservoirs and ponds increased by 73.85%.Among natural wetlands,river areas increased by 53.62%,mudflats decreased by 80.09%,and 9.00 km2 of new marsh wetlands emerged.During this period,a large proportion of paddy fields were converted to construction lands in the reservoir area,while wetlands expanded,coupled with directional enhancements and a zigzag pattern of centroid movement.2)Landscape characteristics indicated that wetland fragmentation intensified,patch shapes became more complex,and heterogeneity increased.River wetlands exhibited strong connectivity and played a dominant role,while the connectivity of paddy fields declined.Wetland landscape fragmentation further exacerbated ecological function degradation.Although landscape heterogeneity increased,the decline in connectivity highlighted the system's vulnerability.3)The geodetector model identified that anthropogenic factors such as night light index,population density,and gross domestic product each had explanatory power exceeding 10%,and the total contribution of anthropogenic factors was greater than that of natural factors.Furthermore,the interaction effect between X6(vegetation index)and X8(gross domestic product)had the strongest explanatory power for wetland changes(q=0.249),demonstrating nonlinear enhancement or synergistic strengthening effects.Overall,the explanatory power of two-factor interactions on wetland changes was higher than that of a single factor.The research results provide important theoretical foundations and data support for formulating wetland ecological conservation policies in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.[Conclusion]The ecological functions of the wetland system in the Three Gorges Reservoir area have shown signs of degradation,and anthropogenic factors are the key driving forces behind the evolution of wetland landscape patterns.The research results provide spatial decision support for wetland ecological governance in the reservoir's large watershed.关键词
三峡库区/湿地景观格局/时空分布/驱动因素Key words
Three Gorges Reservoir area/wetland landscape pattern/spatiotemporal distribution/driving factors分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
张洪珊,李书,王彦丹,王云琦,张建聪,李俊杰,程士宝..人类活动加剧三峡库区湿地景观破碎化[J].水土保持学报,2025,39(6):139-151,13.基金项目
水利部重大科技项目(SKS-2022082) （SKS-2022082）
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305201) （2023YFF1305201）
