空气动力学学报2025，Vol.43Issue(11)：79-96,18.DOI:10.7638/kqdlxxb-2025.0180
临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展
Research status of aerodynamic design for integrated propulsion and airframe in near-space high-altitude long-endurance(HALE)UAVs
摘要
Abstract
Near-space long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)play an important role in persistent reconnaissance,communication relay,wide-area early warning,and emergency response missions.However,due to the extremely low atmospheric density and the cross-altitude flight characteristics of near-space operations,these vehicles encounter prominent low-Reynolds-number effects,reduced propulsion efficiency,and strong coupling between flight and propulsion systems.These challenges underscore the need for integrated flight-propulsion aerodynamic design.This paper reviews recent technical progress in this field for near-space long-endurance UAVs.Based on the configuration characteristics of near-space vehicles,three categories are identified:conventional-layout high-altitude long-endurance UAVs,low-dynamic large-flexibility high-altitude long-endurance vehicles,and stealth-layout high-altitude long-endurance UAVs.For each category,the primary technical challenges and the corresponding focuses of integrated flight-propulsion design are clarified.The theoretical framework of integrated flight-propulsion aerodynamics is then introduced,structured around a systematic research paradigm of modeling-constraints-tasks-evaluation.Following this,the application of robust optimization methods within integrated design is discussed.Specifically,conventional-layout platforms benefit from general integrated robust optimization;low-dynamic platforms require robust design that addresses distributed propulsion and airframe integration;and stealth-layout platforms place emphasis on robust intake and exhaust system design.Building on this foundation,the potential of passive flow-control approaches,such as variable-pitch passive control and bump control,and active flow-control techniques,such as synthetic dual-jet actuation,for enhancing aerodynamic and propulsion performance is further examined,and the distinct research focuses associated with the three platform types are summarized.Finally,the study synthesizes the research paradigm(modeling-constraints-tasks-evaluation)and key technical priorities for integrated flight-propulsion design in near-space long-endurance UAVs,and outlines future development directions involving robust integrated optimization and flow-control enhancement technologies.关键词
临近空间/长航时无人机/飞行-推进一体化设计/稳健优化设计/流动控制Key words
near space/long-endurance UAV/integrated flight-propulsion integration/robust optimization design/flow control分类
航空航天引用本文复制引用
GAN Wenbiao,GUAN Chenxi,ZHUANG Junjie,XIANG Jinwu..临近空间长航时无人机飞发一体气动设计研究进展[J].空气动力学学报,2025,43(11):79-96,18.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(U2141252,U2141249,11902018) （U2141252,U2141249,11902018）
飞行器数字敏捷设计重点实验室开放基金(KFJJ-2024-I-01-01) （KFJJ-2024-I-01-01）
航空科学基金(2019ZA051001)资助项目 （2019ZA051001）
