人口与经济2026，Vol.47Issue(1)：33-45,13.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2026.00.003
普惠托育服务现状、问题与前景
Current Status,Challenges and Prospects of Universal Childcare Services
摘要
Abstract
Universal childcare services are a crucial supportive measure for high-quality population development.However,the traditional supply models of such services are facing challenges due to factors such as low birth rates,population mobility and market supply.China has already started to vigorously develop the supply of inclusive childcare services and formed a new pattern for the development of inclusive childcare services featuring central coordination,inter-departmental collaboration,and local innovation.However,inclusive childcare services still face many contradictions in the process of policy implementation.Based on a three-dimensional framework integrating location theory,population mobility theory and welfare pluralism theory,this study finds that China's universal childcare policies are being refined,where supply demonstrates diversified trends,and service scale is expanding with optimized resource integration,and regional development progresses collaboratively despite gradient disparities.Although there are regional differences,they are achieved coordinated progress.However,persistent issues include incomplete spatial allocation matching and inaccurate demand capturing,room for improvement in market service quality,imprecise policy tools,relatively distorted market mechanisms,and relatively high operational risks.The root causes of these issues lie in insufficient emphasis on the public goods attribute in institutional cognitive,inadequate adjustment of market mechanisms,spatial reconstruction dilemmas,and relative fragmentation of policy network.Addressing these issues requires optimizing childcare spatial planning,establishing refined supervision systems,cultivating quality-oriented markets,clarifying centralized education management,and improving demand-driven fiscal policies to promote holistic governance to realize multi-agent service provision.关键词
普惠托育/区位理论/人口流动/福利多元/结构性矛盾Key words
universal childcare/location theory/population mobility/welfare pluralism/structural contradiction分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
SHI Yan,CHEN Youhua..普惠托育服务现状、问题与前景[J].人口与经济,2026,47(1):33-45,13.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目"人口高质量发展视角下积极应对老龄化问题研究"(23&ZD186) （23&ZD186）
国家社会科学基金一般项目"我国普惠托育服务体系的优化路径研究"(23BRK029). （23BRK029）
