中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(24)：5247-5258,12.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.011
关键生育期调亏灌溉对赣南脐橙果实生长与产量品质的影响
Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Growth,Yield and Quality of Gannan Navel Orange During Critical Fertility Period
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The aim of this study is to clarify the effects of different soil moisture conditions(quantified by soil water content)on navel orange fruit growth,yield and quality in the southern red soil hilly area,and to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of a regulated deficit irrigation system for the high-quality and high-efficiency production of navel oranges in Gannan.[Method]Using 6-year-old Newhall navel oranges in Gannan as test material,four water treatment gradients were defined based on different percentages of field capacity(θf):regulated deficit irrigation L(75%-85%θf),M(65%-75%θf),S(60%-70%θf),and full irrigation FI(＞85%θf).The effects of different soil moisture conditions on fruit expansion and color change process,fruit yield,water use efficiency and different quality indicators were analyzed during two key growth stages:the fruit expansion stage(stage III)and the color transition and ripening stage(stage IV).A comprehensive evaluation system for fruit quality was constructed using principal component analysis(PCA)to conduct quantitative scoring and ranking of each treatment.[Result]During stage III,the fruits grew rapidly.Regulated deficit irrigation significantly affected the fruit growth rate,with the average rate decreasing by 10.96%compared with that of FI.However,after rewatering,the III-M treatment exhibited a good compensatory effect,and its growth rate was higher than that of FI.The color transition process was slow at this stage,and there was no significant difference in the citrus color index(CCI)among all treatments.The analysis of yield and quality showed that the regulated deficit irrigation at stage III significantly improved the comprehensive quality of the fruits,but suppressed the yield.The III-S and III-M treatments had the best overall fruit quality,with significantly higher contents of total soluble solid,soluble sugars and VC,but the yields were only 57.41%and 64.19%of the highest-yield treatments,respectively.This confirmed that severe water stress at this stage was not feasible in production.During stage IV,the fruit growth rate was significantly reduced and showed an accelerated downward trend,which tended to stagnate at the end of color transition.Citrus color index(CCI)showed an accelerated increase,of which III-S,IV-L and IV-M treatments showed the most significant(P＜0.05)degree of color change compared with FI,with an increase of 20.38%,12.99%and 10.57%,respectively.The implementation of regulated deficit irrigation at stage IV resulted in a synergistic increase in yield,quality and water use efficiency.Compared with FI,IV-M treatment increased total soluble solids and soluble sugars content by 3.37%and 1.18%,respectively,and increased yield by 23.56%;IV-S treatment with severe water stress decreased total soluble solids and soluble sugars content by 5.74%and 3.15%,respectively,and decreased yield by 8.05%,confirming that there is an optimal soil water threshold for the IV stage of deficit adjustment.[Conclusion]The IV-M treatment not only achieved the highest single-plant yield of 15.05 kg and water use efficiency of 16.89 kg·m-3,but also ranked third in comprehensive fruit quality score,establishing it as the optimal strategy for balancing high productivity and superior quality.Maintaining soil water content at＞85%θf during the fruit expansion stage and 65%-75%θf during the color transition and ripening stage is identified as the optimal water management strategy for navel orange cultivation in Gannan region.关键词
土壤墒情/脐橙/调亏灌溉/果实品质/产量Key words
soil moisture content/navel orange/regulated deficit irrigation/fruit quality/yield引用本文复制引用
CHU TianShuo,CHEN XiaoAn,ZHU JinJin,WANG Ce,LOU Wei..关键生育期调亏灌溉对赣南脐橙果实生长与产量品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(24):5247-5258,12.基金项目
江西省技术创新引导类计划(2023KSG01002) （2023KSG01002）
