中国农业科学2025，Vol.58Issue(24)：5143-5155,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.24.004
多因素管理下大兴安岭南麓玉米种植密度及耐密抗倒品种选择
Selection of Maize Planting Density and Dense-Planting Tolerant and Lodging-Resistant Varieties in the Southern Foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains under Multi-Factor Management
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to explore the suitable planting density of maize in the southern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains under multi-factor management and tap its yield potential,for providing a theoretical basis to reasonably select varieties under high-density planting conditions.[Method]Relying on the variety screening and density gradient experiments carried out in the Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Zhalaite Banner from 2022 to 2024,a total of 4 planting densities,namely 7.2×104,8.3×104,9.2×104 and 10.4×104 plants/hm2,were selected and divided into 3 density gradients:low density(7.2×104 plants/hm2),medium density(8.3×104 and 9.2×104 plants/hm2),and high density(10.4×104 plants/hm2).A total of 138 maize varieties and 252 samples were used.Data analysis was conducted on the plants height,ear position,lodging index,ear formation rate,yield,and yield-contributing factors of each sample.[Result]There was an extremely significant correlation between yield-contributing factors and planting density(P＜0.01).There was a linear regression relationship between the number of harvested ears and the planting density,and its regression equation was y=0.765x+0.8577,with R2 being 0.4986.Therefore,it could be predicted that between 7.2×104 and 10.4×104 plants/hm2,for every 2×104 plants/hm2 increase in planting density,the number of harvested ears increases by 2.39×104 ears/hm2.There was an extremely significant correlation between yield and planting density(P＜0.01).The yield showed an increasing trend with the increase in planting density.Compared with the average yield at low density,the yields of maize at high and medium densities increased significantly by 16.85%and 8.68%,respectively(P＜0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between the ear formation rate and the planting density(P＜0.05).The ear formation rate ranged from 85.53%to 90.46%,with an average of 87.08%.The yield increase slowed down after the number of harvested ears reached 8.62×104 ears/hm2.Based on calculation of the average ear formation rate of 86.01%at high planting density,the maximum planting density in the southern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains should not exceed 10.02×104 plants/hm2.There was an extremely significant negative correlation between planting density and plants height(P＜0.01),and there was no correlation between planting density and ear position height or the ear position height coefficient.When the plants height was≥314 cm,maize began to lodge.Within the range of 314-404 cm,for every 15 cm increase in plants height,the lodging degree increased by 3.88%.At low planting density,there was a significant positive correlation between the number of grains per ear,100-grain weight,and yield(P＜0.05).At medium density,there was an extremely significant positive correlation between the number of harvested ears,100-grain weight,and yield(P＜0.01).At high density,there was no significant correlation between yield and each factor.The impact of planting density on yield was greater than that of lodging degree.The lodging of maize caused by changes in planting density mainly affected the yield by influencing the number of harvested ears per mu,while the lodging of maize caused by the increase in plants height mainly affected the yield by influencing the number of grains per ear.[Conclusion]In the southern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains,when the planting density was low,varieties with a high number of grains per ear and high 100-grain weight should be selected to ensure maize yield.When the density was increased to 8.3×104-9.2×104 plants/hm2,the ear formation rate should be improved as much as possible to ensure the number of harvested ears.When the planting density was further increased,on the basis of selecting density-tolerant varieties and ensuring the number of harvested ears,precise management should be carried out to ensure the balanced development of each yield-contributing factor,so as to obtain an ideal yield.However,the maximum planting density should not exceed 10.02×104 plants/hm2.Meanwhile,when the plants height of the planting variety was≥314 cm,measures should be taken to prevent lodging.关键词
大兴安岭南麓/春玉米/多因素管理/种植密度/倒伏/产量Key words
Greater Khingan Mountains/spring maize/multi-factor management/planting density/lodging/yield引用本文复制引用
TIAN Lei,SHAO Xin,ZHOU YiMin,MIAO XiuZhen,JI Nan,WANG Hao,SHI MingShuai,ZHANG YueZhong..多因素管理下大兴安岭南麓玉米种植密度及耐密抗倒品种选择[J].中国农业科学,2025,58(24):5143-5155,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301805) （2023YFD2301805）
