中国医院用药评价与分析2025，Vol.25Issue(12)：1449-1452,4.DOI:10.14009/j.issn.1672-2124.2025.12.008
1490例儿童急性支气管炎患者的病原学特点及抗菌药物使用分析
Analysis of Etiological Characteristics and Application of Antibiotics in 1 490 Children with Acute Bronchitis
摘要
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:To probe into the etiological characteristics and use of antibiotics in children with acute bronchitis,and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.METHODS:Clinical data of 1 490 children with acute bronchitis hospitalized in this hospital in 2024 were collected,and the basic information,age group,etiology results,antimicrobial species,administration routes and drug combination were statistically analyzed.According to the age group,the detection of pathogens in infant group,preschool age group and school age group was analyzed.RESULTS:Among 1 490 children,at least one pathogen was detected in 628 cases,the positive detection rate was 42.15%,and a total of 740 strains of pathogen were detected.There were 592 strains of virus,with the detection rate of 37.18%(554/1 490),126 strains of bacteria,with the detection rate of 8.05%(120/1 490),22 strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae,with the detection rate of 1.48%(22/1 490).Influenza virus was the main pathogen in all age groups,with the highest detection rate in the school-age group(28.97%,126/435).The detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus in the infant group and preschool group was significantly higher than that in the school-age group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of SARS-CoV-2 was the highest in the infant group(7.43%,33/444),and there were statistically significant differences compared with the preschool group and the school-age group(P<0.05).The detection rates of Moraxella catarrata and Haemophilus influenzae in the infant group and preschool group were higher than those in school age group.There was no difference in the detection rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae at all ages(P>0.05),while Mycoplasma pneumoniae was mainly detected in school age group,with a detection rate of 3.22%(14/435).The application rate of antibiotics in acute bronchitis was 69.60%(1 037/1 490),and the proportion of drug combination was 1.93%(20/1 037).The application rate of antibiotics in Traditional Chinese Medicine Department was the lowest(54.10%,132/244),significantly lower than that in General Internal Medicine and Respiratory Department,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The top three antibiotics with the highest application rate were cefuroxime for injection,ceftriaxone for injection and ceftazidime for injection,with the application rate of 26.33%(273/1 037),26.04%(270/1 037),and 19.58%(203/1 037),respectively.With the increase of age,the proportion of third-generation cephalosporin decreased from the highest 72.79%in the infant group to 47.08%in the school-age group.The proportion of second-generation cephalosporins and macrolides increased from 20.00%and 6.56%to 33.94%and 15.33%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS:The main pathogens of acute bronchitis in children are influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus.The proportion of application of antibiotics is relatively high,and there are cases of inappropriate drug use without indications.The application of antibiotics for acute bronchitis in children should be further standardized.关键词
儿童/急性支气管炎/病原学/抗菌药物/合理用药Key words
Children/Acute bronchitis/Pathogenic bacteria/Antibiotics/Rational drug use分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
GUO Han,DUAN Yanyan,LI Linfei,TAO Xingru,LI Xue,PEI Baofang..1490例儿童急性支气管炎患者的病原学特点及抗菌药物使用分析[J].中国医院用药评价与分析,2025,25(12):1449-1452,4.基金项目
河南省医学科技攻关联合共建项目(No.LHGJ20230592) （No.LHGJ20230592）
