中国医学前沿杂志（电子版）2025，Vol.17Issue(12)：1-5,5.DOI:10.12037/YXQY.2025.12-01
从免疫系统"刹车"到"维稳"——外周免疫耐受为自身免疫性疾病治疗带来新策略
From the immune"brake"to"stabilization"-peripheral immune tolerance brings new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
摘要
Abstract
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E.Brunkow,Fred Ramsdell,and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries on the mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells(Tregs).From the perspective of"immune regulation-homeostasis maintenance,"this article elaborates on central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms and the central role of Tregs therein,summarizing their clinical significance and translational prospects in autoimmune diseases,organ transplantation,and tumor immunity.Tregs maintain immune homeostasis through mechanisms such as the production and secretion of inhibitory cytokines,regulation of co-stimulatory signals,competitive consumption of IL-2,and modulation of the adenosine pathway.In autoimmune diseases,strategies such as lowdose IL-2 therapy and genetically engineered Tregs reflect a therapeutic philosophy of"regulation rather than mere suppression."In the field of organ transplantation,efforts are underway to explore autologous Tregs infusion to minimize the adverse health impacts of immunosuppression.In cancer therapy,targeting tumorinfiltrating Tregs and attenuating their function is expected to unleash more potent antitumor immune responses,thereby achieving effective tumor control.An ideal immune response is not"the stronger,the better,"but a return to balance and stability.The precise immunomodulatory effects of Tregbased therapies offer new avenues for treating autoimmune diseases,though optimal dosing,timing,and long term safety still require further exploration and validation.关键词
外周免疫耐受/调节性T细胞/自身免疫性疾病/免疫治疗Key words
Peripheral immune tolerance/Regulatory T cells/Autoimmune diseases/Immunotherapy引用本文复制引用
Liu Jiaxi,Wang Yuedan,Zhang Zhuoli..从免疫系统"刹车"到"维稳"——外周免疫耐受为自身免疫性疾病治疗带来新策略[J].中国医学前沿杂志（电子版）,2025,17(12):1-5,5.基金项目
Key Project under the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92474201) 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划重点项目(92474201) （92474201）
