中国水土保持科学2025，Vol.23Issue(6)：29-41,13.DOI:10.16843/j.sswc.2025067
土地利用与景观格局变化对北洛河流域水沙演变的响应
Response of land use and landscape pattern changes to the evolution of runoff and sediment in the Beiluo River Basin
摘要
Abstract
[Background]As a key sediment source area in the Loess Plateau,the Beiluo River Basin has experienced severe soil erosion,which has triggered significant changes in land use and landscape patterns through ecological projects such as the Grain for Green Program.This study aims to deeply investigate the response mechanisms of land use types and landscape pattern indices to water-sediment dynamics,reveal the coupling relationship between hydrological processes and the evolution of land use and landscape patterns,clarify the impact mechanisms of ecological restoration on water-sediment interactions,and provide a scientific basis for watershed ecosystem management.[Methods]This study adopted multi-source data integration and spatial analysis techniques to systematically examine the spatiotemporal evolution of land use and landscape patterns in the Beiluo River Basin over past 30 years.Data processing and spatial analysis were conducted using ArcGIS 10.8 and Fragstats,while statistical analysis was performed with Origin.Long-term observational data on runoff and sediment load from multiple hydrological stations within the basin were integrated.Pearson correlation analysis was used to quantify the relationships between land use types,landscape pattern indices,and water-sediment variables.Regression models were further established to interpret their quantitative connections,and the influence mechanisms of land use and landscape patterns on water-sediment dynamics were systematically analyzed from multi-dimensional spatial and temporal perspectives.[Results]1)Significant land use transformation occurred in the Beiluo River Basin from 1990 to 2023.The proportion of ecological land(forestland+grassland)increased to 74.94%,while cropland area decreased by 695.26 km2,and forestland and grassland areas increased by 495.64 km2.Most of the converted cropland was transformed into forest and grass cover.2)Analysis of landscape pattern indices showed that the patch density of cropland and forestland increased from 0.23 to 0.32 and from 0.19 to 0.23,respectively,and the interspersion and juxtaposition index(IJI)also rose synchronously.The mean patch area of grassland expanded,and the largest patch index increased from 8.4%to 10.2%.3)Correlation analysis demonstrated a significant positive correlation between cropland area and its landscape pattern characteristics with sediment load(P<0.05),while grassland area and its landscape pattern features showed a significant negative correlation with sediment load(P<0.05).However,the correlations between both cropland and grassland with runoff were not statistically significant.4)A nonlinear response relationship was identified between runoff and sediment load(R2=0.61),indicating that other factors have reduced the sensitivity of sediment load to runoff variations.[Conclusions]Sediment load in the Beiluo River Basin is closely correlated with land use and landscape patterns.The increasing landscape dominance of forestland and grassland,along with the trend toward internal diversification and structural complexity,has enhanced vegetation-mediated soil stabilization,significantly promoting sediment reduction.The findings provide a scientific basis for land use planning,landscape optimization,and ecological conservation in the basin,and offer transferable insights for ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau and other ecologically vulnerable regions globally.关键词
土地利用/景观格局/水沙/北洛河流域Key words
land use/landscape pattern/water and sediment/Beiluo River Basin分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
ZHANG Qingxi,LIU Guangliang,DAI Wangding,ZHENG Chengyu,LIU Guangquan,LIU Changhai,AI Ning..土地利用与景观格局变化对北洛河流域水沙演变的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2025,23(6):29-41,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金黄河联合基金"流域水沙变化与生态环境时空演变规律研究"(U2243601) （U2243601）
国家重点研发计划"北洛河风水复合侵蚀小流域固土保水增碳及综合治理技术"(2023YFF1305104) （2023YFF1305104）
延安大学揭榜制项目"陕北黄土区高效水土保持林体系构建技术与示范"(2023JBZR-20) （2023JBZR-20）
