植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(12)：2370-2382,13.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2025098
腐植酸功能调控及其在农业绿色增效中的作用
Functional regulation of humic acid and its role in green and efficiency-enhancing agriculture
摘要
Abstract
Humic acid is a natural or synthetically produced macromolecular material.Due to its diverse functions—such as promoting efficient nutrient utilization,stimulating crop growth,enhancing crop stress resistance,improving soil structure,and mitigating heavy metal contamination in soil—it plays a significant role in enhancing green efficiency in agriculture.Existing commercial humic acids are mainly sourced from natural materials such as lignite and weathered coal,as well as from artificial humic acids produced through biological processes using agricultural residues,including crop straw and livestock or poultry manure.Their complex chemical structures and variable agronomic functions severely limit their precise and efficient utilization.The agronomic efficacy of humic acid is closely related to its structure,making structure-based functional modification a core challenge and a hotspot topic at the forefront of current research on humic acid.Therefore,this article systematically reviews research progress in the sources,structural and characteristic differences of humic acid,biological,chemical,and physical modification methods and mechanisms for regulating the functions of natural humic acid,functional modification methods and mechanisms for artificial humic acid,underlying mechanisms of humic acid in enhancing agricultural efficiency,along with key functions and structural features.Humic acid from different sources exhibits high heterogeneity in structure and properties,with significant variations in chemical composition,aromaticity,molecular weight,functional groups,and spectral characteristics.Natural humic acid can be modified via in situ or ex situ biological,chemical,or physical methods,and artificial humic acid can be modified through in situ synthesis.These modifications primarily target structural parameters,including elemental ratios,molecular weight,and functional groups.The underlying mechanisms and key structural determinants of humic acid effects vary across different applications for enhancing agricultural green efficiency,primarily relating to its molecular weight,aromaticity,and functional groups.Future research should further deepen the mechanistic understanding of humic acid functions in agricultural systems,identify its key functional structures,and precisely establish quantitative relationships between the enhancement of agricultural green efficiency and the functional structures of humic acid,thereby providing a scientific basis for the functional regulation and quantitative application of humic acid.Research should also be strengthened on the isolation and identification of microbial strains capable of promoting the targeted humification of straw,livestock and poultry manure,and other organic substrates,thereby enhancing the functions of biologically modified humic acids or humification-derived products.In addition,efforts should be intensified to investigate physicochemical technologies for the functional grading and directional regulation of humic acids,to supply high-quality humic acid products through refined functional modulation.In summary,improving the functional performance of humic acid products through regulatory methods and mechanistic studies will provide efficient and high-value products that synergistically promote green agricultural development and safeguard food security.关键词
天然腐植酸/功能调控/人工腐植酸/作用机制/农业绿色增效Key words
natural humic acid/function regulation/artificial humic acid/acting mechanism/green and efficiency-enhancing agriculture引用本文复制引用
WANG Yuan-qi,WANG Jian-chao,WANG Shuo-rong,HAN Meng-ting,LI Jian-fang,YUAN Li-xing,CUI Zhen-ling,XU Jun-yi,CHEN Xu..腐植酸功能调控及其在农业绿色增效中的作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(12):2370-2382,13.基金项目
农业科技重大项目 （）
国家自然科学基金项目(52300071) （52300071）
北京市科协青年托举人才工程(BYESS2023097). （BYESS2023097）
