植物营养与肥料学报2025，Vol.31Issue(12)：2399-2414,16.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2025060
氮肥运筹方式对稻麦轮作体系麦秸腐解和中粳稻产量形成的影响
Effects of nitrogen managements on wheat straw decomposition and yield formation of mid-season Japonica rice
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Under the wheat-rice rotation system,returning crop straws to field stands as an primary utilization method for wheat and rice straws.Nevertheless,the incorporation of wheat straw often exert a detrimental impact on the growth and development of succeeding rice crops,owing to its limited decomposition time.We conducted a study on nitrogen(N)management strategies aimed at fostering rice growth and accelerating wheat straw decomposition and nutrient release.[Methods]Using rice cultivar'Hongyang 5'as the test material,a two-year field experiment(2022-2023)was conducted in Yangzhou,Jiangsu.Under conditions of wheat straw incorporation amount 9900 kg/hm2 and total N application rate 270 kg/hm2,five nitrogen management treatments with varying N ratios of basal:tillering:panicle fertilizers were established,including 3∶3∶4(T1),3.5∶3.5∶3(T2),4∶4∶2(T3),4.5∶4.5∶1(T4),and 5∶5∶0(T5),alongside a no-N control(CK).Tillering dynamics were monitored from the beginning until stabilization.Rice population growth,dry matter accumulation,and N uptake were measured at key growth stages.Simultaneously,100 g straw samples in nylon mesh bags were buried at a 5 cm depth of each treatment plot,with 9 bags per plot.The straw bags were retrieved at jointing,heading,and maturity stages to quantify straw decomposition(via weight loss)and N release(based on straw N content).[Results]Among N management treatments,rice yield,effective panicles per unit area,spikelet number per panicle,and seed-setting rate followed a parabolic trend with rising basal-tillering N ratio.T2 achieved the highest values.Over both years,T2 also exhibited the highest productive tiller rate and total dry matter accumulation,increased by a maximum of 26.46%and 10.80%on average,respectively,compared to other treatments.Straw decomposition and decomposition proportion during the transplanting-jointing stage increased with higher basal-tillering N ratios but declined gradually in jointing-heading and heading-maturity stages.Cumulative N release rates from wheat straw were 67.50%-70.32%(2022)and 72.88%-76.13%(2023),with T3 and T5 showing the highest averages.Rice N use efficiency(NUE)was 28.11%-44.79%across treatments,peaking at 44.26%under T2.During jointing-heading and heading-maturity stages,straw decomposition,decomposition proportion,and N release rates decreased with increasing basal-tillering N ratios.Excessive basal-tillering N suppressed N uptake and utilization in later growth stages,ultimately reducing NUE.Correlation,factor,and redundancy analyses confirmed that appropriate panicle fertilizer application mitigated N competition between soil microbes and rice plants during late growth stages,enhancing plant N content,N accumulation,seed-setting rate,and thereby boosting both yield and NUE.[Conclusions]Under full wheat straw incorporation in the rice-wheat rotation system of Jiangsu Province,allocating 70%-80%of total N(270 kg/hm2)in medium-japonica rice season as basal-tillering fertilizer and 20%-30%as panicle fertilizer effectively promotes wheat straw decomposition and N release,facilitates dry matter accumulation and grain filling,and achieves synergistic improvement in rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.关键词
小麦-水稻轮作/氮肥管理/秸秆还田/水稻产量/氮素利用效率Key words
wheat-rice rotation/nitrogen management/straw return/rice yield/nitrogen use efficiency引用本文复制引用
ZHANG Hai-peng,CHEN Jie,LIU Xin-yue,MA Mei-zi,YUAN Xi-jun,ZHANG Hong-cheng,YANG Yan-ju..氮肥运筹方式对稻麦轮作体系麦秸腐解和中粳稻产量形成的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2025,31(12):2399-2414,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300405) （2023YFD2300405）
国家自然科学基金项目(32472223,31901447) （32472223,31901447）
江苏高校"青蓝工程"项目(2025-21). （2025-21）
